Table 4.
Observational data on symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH) risk following endovascular stroke treatment
| Study | Number of patients (DOAC type) | Number of sICH/rate | Number of patients (comparator) | Number of sICH/rate | Comment (DOAC group) |
| Heterogenous or unknown selection criteria (n=14 studies, n=558 patients) | |||||
| Seiffge et al 11 | 27 (all DOAC) | 0 (0%) | 27 (VKA) and 43 no anticoagulation) |
6 (22%) and 2 (5%) |
Heterogenous selection criteria, all within 48 hours, partly plasma level based. |
| Rebello et al 45 | 17 (all DOAC) | 3 (18%) | 29 (VKA) and 265 no anticoagulation) |
5 (17%) and 27 (10%) |
All within 24 hours; PH1, PH2 and SAH defined as sICH. |
| Rebello et al 45 | 73 (all DOAC) | 5 (7%) | 142 (VKA) and 1052 no anticoagulation) |
13 (9%) and 57 (5%) |
No selection criteria or information on anticoagulation available. |
| Purrucker et al 44 | 28 (all DOAC) | 1 (4%) | NA | Drug-specific coagulation tests indicated through drug concentrations in the majority of patients, no comparator. | |
| Zapata-Wainberg et al | 9 (all DOAC) | 0 (0%) | 104 (VKA) and 389 (no anticoagulation) |
4 (4%) and 28 (7%) |
No selection criteria or information on anticoagulation available. |
| Kurowski et al | 16 (all DOAC) | 0 (0%) | 51 (VKA) and 453 (no anticoagulation) |
7 (14%) and 32 (7%) |
No selection criteria or information on anticoagulation available. |
| Suzuki et al 10 | 44 (all DOAC) | 3 (7%) | 7 (VKA) and 23 (no anticoagulation) |
0 (0%) and 0 (0%) |
No selection criteria or information on anticoagulation available, recall bias. |
| Cernik et al | 15 (not specified) | 0 (0%) | 50 (VKA) and 615 (no anticoagulation) |
6 (12%) and 31 (5%) |
No selection criteria or information on anticoagulation available. |
| Hoyer et al | 10 (not specified) | 0 (0%) | 30 (no anticoagulation) | 1 (3%) | No selection criteria or information on anticoagulation available. |
| Wong et al 43 | 13 (all DOAC) | 0 (0%) | 23 (VKA) and 66 (no anticoagulation) |
1 (4%) and 1 (2%) |
No selection criteria or information on anticoagulation available. |
| Krajickova et al | 5 (all DOAC) | 0 (0%) | 21 (VKA) and 259 (no anticoagulation) |
2 (10%) and 21 (8%) |
No selection criteria or information on anticoagulation available. |
| Meinel et al | 98 (all DOAC) | 5 (5%) | 69 (VKA) and 1612 (no anticoagulation) |
5 (7%) and 84 (5%) |
See below for patients with confirmed therapeutic DOAC therapy only. |
| L’Allinec et al 58 | 105 (all DOAC) | 6 (6%) | 97 (VKA) | 12 (12%) | Last intake within 24 hours, specific drug levels not available. |
| Goldhoorn et al | 98 (not specified) | 1 (1%) | 404 (VKA) and 2660 (no anticoagulation) |
23 (6%) and 162 (6%) |
No selection criteria or information on anticoagulation available. |
| DOAC plasma-level based approach (n=2 studies, n=56 (patients)) | |||||
| Seiffge et al 28 | 7 (rivaroxaban) | 0 (0%) | NA | 3 of 7 low or intermediate drug level | |
| Meinel et al 48 | 49 (all DOAC) | 2 (4%) | 222 (VKA) and 1612 (no anticoagulation) |
21 (9.5%) and 84 (5%) |
Ascertained compliance or therapeutic drug levels |
DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; PH, parenchymal haemorrhage; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.