Table 3.
Cases in which addition of rituximab was likely associated with the development of infection
| Infection | No. of patients | Pathogens (n) | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial infections | |||
| Sinopulmonary infection | ND | Pneumonia (7), Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia (1), Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia (1), bronchitis (1), upper respiratory tract infections, nasopharyngitis, bronchitis, and sinusitis | 30, 36, 50, 53, 54, 59, 62–64 |
| Bacteremia | ND | Septic shock (3), bacteremia (5) | 30, 36, 44, 54, 59, 64 |
| Bacterial diarrhea | ND | Shigella (1) | 50 |
| Urinary tract infections | ND | No pathogens reported, pyelonephritis | 53, 54, 59 |
| Skin infections | ND | Erysipelas, gangrenous cellulitis | 50, 53, 59 |
| Bone and joint infections | 2 | Infection of right hip (1), septic polyarthritis with Ureaplasma urealyticum (1) | 50, 65 |
| Dental abscess | 1 | 49 | |
| Listeriosis | 1 | 81 | |
| Cat scratch disease | 1 | 53 | |
| Mycobacterial infections | |||
| Other non-tuberculous mycobacteria | 4 | Bacteremia caused by Mycobacterium wolinskyi (1), M. avium pleuritis (1), M. avium bacteremia (1), disseminated M. kansasii infection (1) | 66, 67 |
| Viral infections | |||
| CMV disease | 26 | CMV esophagitis (1), pneumonia (6), and enterocolitis (4), disseminated CMV infection (1) | 5, 19, 21, 59, 63, 68–71, 101 |
| VZV | 13 | 5, 41, 44, 45, 72–74, 101, 112 | |
| HSV | 6 | Disseminated HSV2 (1) | 41, 63, 75 |
| Hepatitis | ND | Not specified (3), de novo hepatitis B (2), HBV reactivation (21 cases in HBsAg-neg patients), HCV (2), HEV infection (1) | 5, 44, 45, 53, 76–94, 107, 119, 120, 122 |
| Gastroenteritis | 4 | 50, 53, 95 | |
| Parvovirus | 2 | 96, 97 | |
| Enterovirus | 3 | Enteroviral meningoencephalitis | 98–100 |
| Echovirus | 1 | 112 | |
| JC virus | 76 | 52 patients had lymphoproliferative disorders, two had SLE, one had rheumatoid arthritis (and oropharyngeal cancer that had been treated previously with chemotherapy and radiotherapy), one had idiopathic autoimmune pancytopenia, and one patient with NHL had a concomitant autoimmune hemolytic anemia | 101–104 |
| BK virus | 1 | BK virus CNS infection | 105, 106 |
| RSV | 2 | 107, 108 | |
| West Nile virus | 3 | 109–111 | |
| Influenza A virus | 2 | 53, 112 | |
| Fungal infections | |||
| Fungal infections (not specified) | Fungal pneumonia | 30 | |
| Candida infections | 4 | esophagitis (1), candidemia (3) | 30 |
| Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) | 13 | Pneumonia | 30, 42, 63, 113–116 |
| Aspergillus spp | 4 | Aspergillosis | 16, 117–119 |
| arasitic infections | |||
| Babesia microti | 8 | Babesiosis | 121 |
CMV, cytomegalovirus; CNS, central nervous system; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HEV, hepatitis E virus; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HSV, herpes simplex virus; ND, not determined; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; SLE, systematic lupus erythematosus; VZV, varicella zoster virus.