Table 1. Baseline demographics of the study participants (n=46).
| Seronegative AIE (n=37) | Seropositive AIE (n=9) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.464 | ||
| Male | 19 (51.4) | 3 (33.3) | - |
| Female | 18 (48.6) | 6 (66.7) | - |
| Age at onset, years | 9.2±4.3 | 11.4±5.6 | 0.196 |
| Tumor | 0 | 2 (22.2) | 0.089 |
| Prodromal symptoms | 31 (83.8) | 5 (55.6) | 0.087 |
| Fever | 27 (73.0) | 3 (33.3) | - |
| Headache | 10 (27.0) | 3 (33.3) | - |
| Gastrointestinal symptom | 10 (27.0) | 3 (33.3) | - |
| Respiratory symptom | 7 (18.9) | 0 | - |
| Vaccination history | 1 (2.7) | 0 | - |
| Neuropsychiatric features, mRS score | 5.9±2.1 | 7.4±1.3 | 0.038* |
| Altered mental status | 29 (78.4) | 7 (77.8) | >0.999 |
| Focal neurological deficit | 2 (5.4) | 2 (22.2) | 0.167 |
| Cognitive dysfunction | 29 (78.4) | 7 (77.8) | >0.999 |
| Acute developmental regression | 20 (54.1) | 7 (77.8) | 0.270 |
| Movement disorder | 20 (54.1) | 8 (88.9) | 0.069 |
| Seizure | 28 (75.7) | 9 (100.0) | 0.171 |
| Speech dysfunction | 29 (78.4) | 9 (100.0) | 0.324 |
| Psychotic disorder | 32 (86.5) | 8 (88.9) | >0.999 |
| Sleep disorder | 16 (43.2) | 6 (66.7) | 0.276 |
| Autonomic dysfunction | 13 (35.1) | 4 (44.4) | 0.707 |
| CSF inflammation | 20 (54.1) | 6 (66.7) | 0.711 |
| MRI abnormality | 19 (51.4) | 2 (22.2) | 0.151 |
| PET-CT abnormality | 4 (10.8) | 0 | - |
| ICU stay | 7 (18.9) | 4 (44.4) | - |
Data are n (%) or mean±standard deviation values.
*p<0.05.
AIE: autoimmune encephalitis, CSF: cerebrospinal fluid, ICU: intensive care unit, MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, mRS: modified Rankin Scale, PET-CT: positron-emission tomography/computed tomography.