Table 3. Neuropathology findings of COVID-19 patients.

No	Author	Country	Number of brain autopsy	Findings
1	Bryce et al.29	USA	20	Microthrombi with small and patchy infarction, and parenchymal microhemorrhages in 6 patients, large infarct in MCA territory in 1 patient minimal inflammation and slight neuronal loss in 14 patients
2	Hanley et al.39	UK		Hypoxic-ischaemic changes, moderate to intense microglial activation in 5 patients, and large infarct in MCA territory
3	Jaunmuktane et al.40	UK	2	Multifocal brain infarct and microbleeds in cortex and white matter
4	Kantonen et al.41	Finland	1	Perivascular hemorrhages, parenchymal microhemorrhages, hypoxic-ischaemic changes
5	Matschke et al.42	Germany	43	Acute infarct in territory PCA/MCA/ACA in 6 patients, inflammation in brainstem and cerebellum (activation of microglia and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes)
6	Paniz-Mondolfi et al.30	USA	1	Identification of viral particles in small vesicles in endothelial cells of intracranial arteries and brain cells using electron microscopy
7	Remmelink et al.43	Belgium	17	Cerebral hemorrhage in 8 patients, hypoxic-ischaemic changes in 3 patients, vascular congestion in 5 patients
8	Schurink et al.44	Netherland	9	Hypoxic ischaemic changes in cerebrum and cerebellum, inflammation of white and grey matter, most severe in medulla oblongata and olfactory bulb
9	Solomon et al.45	USA	18	Hypoxic ischaemic changes in all patients, atherosclerosis in 14 patients

ACA: anterior cerebral artery, COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019, MCA: middle cerebral artery, PCA: posterior cerebral artery.