Table 2. Patient characteristics according to quartiles of serum IGF-1 level.
Serum IGF-1 (ng/mL) | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1, <77.1 | Q2, 77.1–108.0 | Q3, 108.0–151.0 | Q4, >151.0 | ||
Age (years) | 75.0±10.2 | 69.9±11.8 | 63.9±10.7 | 60.6±12.3 | <0.001* |
Sex, male | 35 (36.5) | 55 (56.1) | 65 (69.9) | 72 (78.3) | <0.001† |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.0±3.3 | 23.2±2.7 | 24.1±3.0 | 24.4±2.9 | <0.001* |
Stroke characteristics | |||||
Prestroke mRS score of 0 or 1 | 94 (97.9) | 92 (93.9) | 89 (95.7) | 90 (97.8) | 0.867† |
NIHSS score at admission | 6.5 [2.25–14.00] | 5.0 [2.00–10.00] | 4.0 [1.00–7.50] | 4.0 [1.00–9.00] | <0.001§ |
TOAST classification | |||||
Large-artery atherosclerosis | 26 (27.1) | 26 (26.5) | 32 (34.4) | 39 (42.4) | 0.013‡ |
Small-vessel occlusion | 19 (19.8) | 22 (22.4) | 27 (29.0) | 15 (16.3) | 0.855‡ |
Cardioembolism | 42 (43.8) | 28 (28.6) | 22 (23.7) | 16 (17.4) | <0.001‡ |
Stroke of other determined etiology | 3 (3.1) | 3 (3.1) | 3 (3.2) | 7 (7.6) | 0.145‡ |
Stroke of undetermined etiology | 6 (6.3) | 19 (19.4) | 9 (9.7) | 15 (16.3) | 0.188‡ |
Risk factor | |||||
Hypertension | 59 (60.4) | 65 (66.3) | 58 (62.4) | 52 (56.5) | 0.491‡ |
Diabetes mellitus | 24 (25.0) | 36 (36.7) | 28 (30.1) | 31 (33.7) | 0.363‡ |
Hyperlipidemia | 30 (31.3) | 32 (32.7) | 41 (44.1) | 31 (33.7) | 0.386‡ |
Atrial fibrillation | 39 (40.6) | 30 (30.6) | 17 (18.3) | 15 (16.3) | <0.001‡ |
Smoking | 18 (18.8) | 28 (28.6) | 40 (43.0) | 45 (48.9) | <0.001‡ |
Previous stroke | 16 (16.7) | 17 (17.3) | 25 (26.9) | 16 (17.4) | 0.511‡ |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 149.9±22.9 | 155.0±26.8 | 154.0±27.0 | 147.5±20.5 | 0.116* |
Laboratory data | |||||
White blood cell count (×103/µL) | 8.31±3.14 | 8.31±3.37 | 8.59±2.87 | 8.35±2.62 | 0.902* |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 148.46±61.01 | 155.47±62.37 | 150.42±55.68 | 156.72±72.88 | 0.774* |
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 4.85 [1.94–14.18] | 2.42 [0.88–5.08] | 2.09 [1.06–8.50] | 2.19 [0.52–8.56] | 0.001§ |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.90±0.50 | 0.85±0.30 | 1.02±1.32 | 0.99±1.03 | 0.490* |
Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 6.23±1.38 | 6.16±1.18 | 6.18±1.15 | 6.25±1.20 | 0.949* |
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 102.9±33.8 | 111.5±33.6 | 115.0±39.2 | 118.1±37.6 | 0.026* |
Data are mean±standard deviation, median [interquartile range], or n (%) values.
*ANOVA, †Linear-by-linear association, ‡Chi-square test, §Mann-Whitney U test.
IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor-1, mRS: modified Rankin scale, NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, TOAST: Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatmen.