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. 2021 Mar 18;17(2):206–212. doi: 10.3988/jcn.2021.17.2.206

Table 2. Patient characteristics according to quartiles of serum IGF-1 level.

Serum IGF-1 (ng/mL) p
Q1, <77.1 Q2, 77.1–108.0 Q3, 108.0–151.0 Q4, >151.0
Age (years) 75.0±10.2 69.9±11.8 63.9±10.7 60.6±12.3 <0.001*
Sex, male 35 (36.5) 55 (56.1) 65 (69.9) 72 (78.3) <0.001
Body mass index (kg/m2) 23.0±3.3 23.2±2.7 24.1±3.0 24.4±2.9 <0.001*
Stroke characteristics
 Prestroke mRS score of 0 or 1 94 (97.9) 92 (93.9) 89 (95.7) 90 (97.8) 0.867
 NIHSS score at admission 6.5 [2.25–14.00] 5.0 [2.00–10.00] 4.0 [1.00–7.50] 4.0 [1.00–9.00] <0.001§
TOAST classification
 Large-artery atherosclerosis 26 (27.1) 26 (26.5) 32 (34.4) 39 (42.4) 0.013
 Small-vessel occlusion 19 (19.8) 22 (22.4) 27 (29.0) 15 (16.3) 0.855
 Cardioembolism 42 (43.8) 28 (28.6) 22 (23.7) 16 (17.4) <0.001
 Stroke of other determined etiology 3 (3.1) 3 (3.1) 3 (3.2) 7 (7.6) 0.145
 Stroke of undetermined etiology 6 (6.3) 19 (19.4) 9 (9.7) 15 (16.3) 0.188
Risk factor
 Hypertension 59 (60.4) 65 (66.3) 58 (62.4) 52 (56.5) 0.491
 Diabetes mellitus 24 (25.0) 36 (36.7) 28 (30.1) 31 (33.7) 0.363
 Hyperlipidemia 30 (31.3) 32 (32.7) 41 (44.1) 31 (33.7) 0.386
 Atrial fibrillation 39 (40.6) 30 (30.6) 17 (18.3) 15 (16.3) <0.001
 Smoking 18 (18.8) 28 (28.6) 40 (43.0) 45 (48.9) <0.001
 Previous stroke 16 (16.7) 17 (17.3) 25 (26.9) 16 (17.4) 0.511
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 149.9±22.9 155.0±26.8 154.0±27.0 147.5±20.5 0.116*
Laboratory data
 White blood cell count (×103/µL) 8.31±3.14 8.31±3.37 8.59±2.87 8.35±2.62 0.902*
 Glucose (mg/dL) 148.46±61.01 155.47±62.37 150.42±55.68 156.72±72.88 0.774*
 High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/dL) 4.85 [1.94–14.18] 2.42 [0.88–5.08] 2.09 [1.06–8.50] 2.19 [0.52–8.56] 0.001§
 Serum creatinine (mg/dL) 0.90±0.50 0.85±0.30 1.02±1.32 0.99±1.03 0.490*
 Hemoglobin A1c (%) 6.23±1.38 6.16±1.18 6.18±1.15 6.25±1.20 0.949*
 Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) 102.9±33.8 111.5±33.6 115.0±39.2 118.1±37.6 0.026*

Data are mean±standard deviation, median [interquartile range], or n (%) values.

*ANOVA, Linear-by-linear association, Chi-square test, §Mann-Whitney U test.

IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor-1, mRS: modified Rankin scale, NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, TOAST: Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatmen.