Table 2.
Time-lagged associations among pre-MVC PTSD, peritraumatic distress and dissociation, 2-week ASD, and 8-week PTSD based on univariate and multivariate regression models in the Freeze 1 AURORA MVC sample (n = 666)1.
| Outcomes |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peritraumatic distress | Peritraumatic dissociation | Diagnoses of 2-week ASD2 | Diagnoses of 8-week PTSD2 | |||||
| b | (95% CI) | b | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| I. Univariate associations 3 | ||||||||
| Pre-MVC PTSD symptom score | 0.3* | (0.2-0.3) | 0.3* | (0.3-0.4) | 1.9* | (1.6-2.2) | 1.9* | (1.6-2.2) |
| Peritraumatic distress score | 2.1* | (1.7-2.5) | 2.0* | (1.6-2.3) | ||||
| Peritraumatic dissociation score | 2.1* | (1.7-2.5) | 1.7* | (1.4-2.0) | ||||
| Continuous 2-week ASD symptom score | 4.7* | (3.7-5.9) | ||||||
| II. Multivariate associations with pre-MVC PTSD, distress and dissociation 4 | ||||||||
| Pre-MVC PTSD symptom score | 1.6* | (1.3-1.9) | 1.7* | (1.4-2.0) | ||||
| Peritraumatic distress score | 1.6* | (1.3-1.9) | 1.7* | (1.4-2.1) | ||||
| Peritraumatic dissociation score | 1.5* | (1.2-1.8) | 1.1 | (0.9-1.4) | ||||
| χ22 | 57.6* | 40.6* | ||||||
| χ23 | 97.0* | 84.9* | ||||||
| III. Multivariate associations with pre-MVC PTSD, distress and dissociation, and 2-week PTSD 4 | ||||||||
| Pre-MVC PTSD symptom score | 1.4* | (1.1-1.7) | ||||||
| Peritraumatic distress score | 1.4* | (1.1-1.8) | ||||||
| Peritraumatic dissociation score | 0.9 | (0.7-1.1) | ||||||
| Continuous 2-week ASD symptom score | 4.1* | (3.2-5.3) | ||||||
| χ22 | 9.0* | |||||||
| χ24 | 171.0* | |||||||
|
| ||||||||
Abbreviations. MVC, motor vehicle collision; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; ASD, acute stress disorder; b, unstandardized linear regression coefficient; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test.
Based on a series of univariate and multivariate linear (when peritraumatic symptoms are the outcomes) and logistic (when diagnoses of 2-week ASD and 8-week PTSD are the outcomes) regression equations in which continuous measures of pre-MVC PTSD symptoms, peritraumatic distress, peritraumatic dissociation, and 2-week ASD symptoms are used to predict temporally subsequent variables in this series and 8-week diagnoses of PTSD. All predictor score are standardized to a mean 0 and variance of 1, allowing the ORs in models to predict diagnoses of 2-week ASD and 8-week PTSD to be interpreted as relative odds of these outcome diagnoses associated with a one standard deviation difference in predictor symptom scores. Preliminary analyses found that these linear transformations are appropriate and that nonlinearities and interactions among predictors are non-significant. In the cases of pre-MVC PTSD and 2-week ASD, these preliminary analyses found that the dichotomous variables defining diagnostic thresholds for pre-MVC PTSD and 2-week ASD were not significant in predicting later outcomes in models that included the linear continuous versions of the scales as additional predictors. See Supplementary Table 3 for these results.
Diagnoses of 2-week ASD and 8-week PTSD are dichotomies.
The results in this section of the table are based on models in which only one of the four row variables is used to predict one of the column variables.
The results in this section of the table are based on multivariate models in which all the row variables are used to predict one of the column variables.