Table 3.
Distributions and multivariate associations of socio-demographics with peritraumatic distress and dissociation, 2-week ASD, and 8-week PTSD, controlling for intermediate outcomes, in the Freeze 1 AURORA MVC sample (n = 666)1
| Multivariate models predicting mediators |
Univariate and multivariate models predicting 8-week PTSD |
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| Peritraumatic distress | Peritraumatic dissociation | 2-week ASD | Univariate | Multivariate | Multivariate controlling mediators | ||||||||||
| % | (SE) | (n) | b | (95% CI) | b | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |
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| Age | |||||||||||||||
| 50+ | 18.3 | (1.5) | (122) | 0.1 | (−0.2-0.4) | −0.0 | (−0.3-0.2) | 1.0 | (0.6-1.8) | 1.3 | (0.8-2.1) | 1.1 | (0.6-2.0) | 1.2 | (0.6-2.4) |
| 35-49 | 28.7 | (1.8) | (191) | 0.1 | (−0.1-0.3) | −0.1 | (−0.3-0.1) | 0.9 | (0.6-1.5) | 1.4 | (0.9-2.2) | 1.5 | (0.9-2.5) | 1.5 | (0.8-2.7) |
| 25-34 | 30.5 | (1.8) | (203) | −0.0 | (−0.2-0.2) | −0.1 | (−0.3-0.1) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.3) | 1.3 | (0.8-2.1) | 1.3 | (0.8-2.1) | 1.6 | (0.9-2.8) |
| 18-24 | 22.5 | (1.6) | (150) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
| χ23 | . | . | . | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 3.3 | ||||||
| Gender | |||||||||||||||
| Female | 73.0 | (1.7) | (486) | 0.4* | (0.3-0.6) | 0.0 | (−0.1-0.2) | 1.4 | (1.0-2.1) | 1.7* | (1.2-2.4) | 1.6* | (1.1-2.4) | 1.2 | (0.7-1.9) |
| Male | 27.0 | (1.7) | (180) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
| χ21 | . | . | . | 24.6* | 0.0 | 3.2 | 7.3* | 6.2* | 0.3 | ||||||
| Race-ethnicity | |||||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 56.3 | (1.9) | (375) | −0.1 | (−0.3-0.1) | 0.0 | (−0.1-0.2) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.2) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.1) | 0.7 | (0.5-1.0) | 0.7 | (0.4-1.1) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 30.0 | (1.8) | (200) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
| Hispanic | 10.5 | (1.2) | (70) | −0.1 | (−0.4-0.2) | −0.1 | (−0.4-0.1) | 0.8 | (0.4-1.4) | 0.9 | (0.5-1.6) | 0.8 | (0.4-1.5) | 0.8 | (0.4-1.7) |
| Other | 3.2 | (0.7) | (21) | −0.1 | (−0.5-0.3) | 0.2 | (−0.2-0.6) | 0.5 | (0.2-1.4) | 0.9 | (0.3-2.3) | 0.7 | (0.3-2.0) | 2.0 | (0.6-7.4) |
| χ23 | . | . | . | 0.6 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 3.6 | 4.6 | ||||||
| Marital status | |||||||||||||||
| Previously married2 | 14.0 | (1.3) | (93) | 0.0 | (−0.2-0.2) | −0.1 | (−0.3-0.1) | 0.7 | (0.4-1.3) | 1.2 | (0.8-2.0) | 1.3 | (0.8-2.2) | 1.7 | (0.9-3.2) |
| Never married | 43.5 | (1.9) | (290) | −0.1 | (−0.3-0.1) | −0.2* | (−0.3--0.0) | 0.8 | (0.6-1.3) | 0.9 | (0.6-1.3) | 1.0 | (0.7-1.5) | 1.1 | (0.7-1.7) |
| Married/cohabitating | 42.5 | (1.9) | (283) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
| χ22 | . | . | . | 0.5 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 2.4 | ||||||
| Education | |||||||||||||||
| Less than high school | 9.9 | (1.2) | (66) | 0.0 | (−0.3-0.3) | −0.1 | (−0.4-0.2) | 1.0 | (0.5-1.9) | 1.6 | (0.9-3.0) | 1.7 | (0.8-3.3) | 1.7 | (0.8-3.8) |
| High school graduate | 24.0 | (1.7) | (160) | 0.0 | (−0.2-0.2) | −0.1 | (−0.3-0.2) | 0.7 | (0.4-1.2) | 0.7 | (0.4-1.1) | 0.7 | (0.4-1.2) | 0.8 | (0.4-1.5) |
| Some college | 44.0 | (1.9) | (293) | 0.0 | (−0.2-0.2) | 0.0 | (−0.1-0.2) | 1.0 | (0.7-1.6) | 0.8 | (0.6-1.3) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.3) | 0.7 | (0.4-1.2) |
| College graduate | 22.1 | (1.6) | (147) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
| χ23 | . | . | . | 0.1 | 0.6 | 3.3 | 9.1* | 8.1* | 7.1 | ||||||
| Income 3 | |||||||||||||||
| Less than $19K | 34.8 | (1.8) | 232 | 0.1 | (−0.1-0.3) | −0.1 | (−0.3-0.1) | 1.2 | (0.7-1.9) | 1.2 | (0.8-1.8) | 1.3 | (0.8-2.1) | 1.2 | (0.7-2.2) |
| $19-35K | 31.5 | (1.8) | 210 | 0.2 | (−0.0-0.4) | 0.1 | (−0.1-0.3) | 1.5 | (1.0-2.3) | 1.1 | (0.8-1.7) | 1.2 | (0.8-1.9) | 0.9 | (0.6-1.6) |
| More than $35K | 33.6 | (1.8) | 224 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
| χ22 | . | . | . | 1.3 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.2 | ||||||
| Employment | |||||||||||||||
| Employed | 77.0 | (1.6) | 513 | −0.2 | (−0.4-0.0) | −0.1 | (−0.3-0.1) | 0.8 | (0.5-1.2) | 0.9 | (0.6-1.3) | 1.1 | (0.7-1.6) | 1.2 | (0.7-2.0) |
| Not employed | 23.0 | (1.6) | 153 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
| χ21 | . | . | . | 3.3 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 | ||||||
| χ215 | 2.8* | 1.0 | 17.3 | 21.9 | 17.7 | ||||||||||
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Abbreviations. PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; MVC, motor vehicle collision; ASD, acute stress disorder; SE, standard error; b, unstandardized linear regression coefficient; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test.
Based on a series of univariate and multivariate linear (when peritraumatic symptoms are the outcomes) and logistic (when diagnoses of 2-week ASD and 8-week PTSD are the outcomes) regression equations in which continuous measures of pre-MVC PTSD symptoms are always controlled. In the last model to predict diagnoses of 8-week PTSD, peritraumatic symptoms and 2-week ASD symptoms were also controlled.
Separated, divorced or widowed.
Family income before taxes.