Table 2.
Bivariate analysis of socio-demographic characteristics and clinical data of diarrheic pediatric patients in the Alamura Health Center, Southern Ethiopia, 2019.
| Variables | Frequency (%) | Shigella/Salmonella | COR 95% CI | p value | AOR 95% CI | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (%) | No (%) | ||||||
| Age in group (years) | |||||||
| 0–4 | 88 (33.5) | 7 (33.3) | 81 (33.5) | 1.158 (0.35–3.82) | 0.809 | ||
| 5–9 | 103 (39.2) | 9 (42.9) | 94 (38.8) | 1.283 (0.41–4.00) | 0.668 | ||
| 10–14 | 72 (27.4) | 5 (23.8) | 67 (27.7) | 1 | |||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 130 (49.4) | 8 (38.1) | 122 (50.4) | 1 | |||
| Female | 133 (50.6) | 13 (61.9) | 120 (49.6) | 1.652 (0.66–4.13) | 0.283 | ||
| Residence | |||||||
| Rural | 108 (41.1) | 8 (38.1) | 100 (41.3) | 1 | |||
| Urban | 155 (58.9) | 13 (61.9) | 142 (58.7) | 0.874 (0.35–2.2) | 0.773 | ||
| Mother’s educational status | |||||||
| No formal education | 50 (19.0) | 2 (9.5) | 48 (19.8) | 1.125 (0.10–12.99) | 0.925 | ||
| Read and write | 56 (21.3) | 9 (42.9) | 47 (19.4) | 5.170 (0.62–43.05) | 0.129 | ||
| Elementary school | 76 (28.9) | 5 (23.8) | 71 (29.3) | 1.901 (0.21–17.03) | 0.566 | ||
| Secondary school | 53 (20.2) | 4 (19.0) | 49 (20.2) | 2.204 (0.23–20.7) | 0.489 | ||
| College/university | 28 (10.6) | 1 (4.8) | 27 (11.2) | 1 | |||
| Mother’s marital status | |||||||
| Married | 178 (67.7) | 14 (67.7) | 164 (67.8) | 1 | |||
| Divorced | 43 (16.3) | 5 (23.2) | 38 (15.7) | 1.057 (0.37–3.044) | 0.919 | ||
| Widowed | 41 (15.6) | 2 (9.5) | 39 (16.1) | 0.560 (0.070–4.468) | 0.584 | ||
| Family size (person) | |||||||
| 2–3 | 23 (8.8) | 2 (9.5) | 21 (8.7) | 1 | |||
| 4–5 | 129 (49.2) | 12 (57.1) | 117 (48.5) | 1.077 (0.23–5.163) | 0.926 | ||
| ⩾ 6 | 110 (42.0) | 7 (33.3) | 103 (42.7) | 0.714 (0.138–3.679) | 0.687 | ||
| Monthly income birr/ETB | |||||||
| 500–1500 | 51 (19.4) | 7 (33.3) | 44 (18.2) | 1 | |||
| > 1500 | 212 (80.6) | 14 (66.7) | 198 (81.8) | 0.444 (0.169–1.166) | 0.099 | ||
| Previous diarrhea | |||||||
| Yes | 162 (61.6) | 17 (81.0) | 145 (59.9) | 2.843 (0.928–8.706) | 0.067 | ||
| No | 101 (38.4) | 4 (19.0) | 97 (40.1) | 1 | |||
| Type of diarrhea | |||||||
| Bloody | 111 (42.2) | 1 (4.8) | 100 (43.1) | 1 | |||
| Watery | 49 (18.6) | 2 (9.5) | 47 (20.3) | 11.69 (0.99–138.44) | 0.051 | ||
| Mucoid | 103 (39.2) | 18 (85.7) | 85 (36.6) | 16.75 (2.13–131.67) | 0.007 | ||
| Frequency of diarrhea | |||||||
| Once | 170 (64.6) | 11 (52.4) | 159 (65.7) | 1.038 (0.125–8.598) | 0.973 | ||
| Twice | 77 (29.3) | 9 (42.9) | 68 (28.1) | 1.985 (0.234–16.88) | 0.530 | ||
| > 3 | 16 (6.1) | 1 (4.8) | 14 (5.8) | 1 | |||
| Malnutrition | |||||||
| Yes | 25 (9.5) | 3 (14.3) | 22 (9.1) | 1 | 0.441 | ||
| No | 238 (90.5) | 18 (85.7) | 220 (90.9) | 1.67 (0.46–6.121) | |||
| Vaccination | |||||||
| Yes | 202 (76.8) | 14 (66.7) | 188 (77.7) | 0.574 (0.221–1.495) | 0.256 | ||
| No | 61 (23.2) | 7 (33.3) | 54 (223) | 1 | |||
| Drinking H2O sources | |||||||
| Pipe | 159 (60.5) | 17 (81.0) | 142 (58.7) | 2.993 (0.978–9.162) | 0.055 | ||
| Other | 104 (39.5) | 4 (19.0) | 100 (41.3) | 1 | |||
| Child’s hand-wash after toilet | |||||||
| Always | 221 (84.0) | 1 (4.8) | 220 (90.9) | 1 | 0.000 | 235.1 (20.9–2643.3) | 0.000 |
| Sometimes | 42 (16.0) | 20 (95.20 | 22 (9.1) | 200 (25.6–1562.35) | |||
| Food taken before illness | |||||||
| Cooked food | 82 (31.2) | 5 (23.8) | 77 (31.8) | 0.801 (0.182–3.533) | 0.769 | ||
| Overnight food | 77 (29.3) | 8 (38.1) | 69 (28.5) | 1.430 (0.358–5.716) | 0.613 | ||
| Raw vegetable | 64 (24.3) | 5 (23.8) | 59 (24.4) | 1.045 (0.236–4.634) | 0.954 | ||
| Raw milk | 40 (15.2) | 3 (14.3) | 37 (15.3) | 1 | |||
| Storage of cooked food | |||||||
| Open containers | 40 (15.2) | 16 (76.2) | 24 (9.9) | 29.1 (9.78–86.372) | 0.000 | 36.44 | 0.000 |
| Closed containers | 223 (84.8) | 5 (23.8) | 218 (90.1) | 1 | |||
| Hand-washing before and after a meal | |||||||
| Yes | 85 (32.3) | 6 (28.6) | 79 (32.6) | 1 | |||
| No | 178 (67.7) | 15 (71.4) | 160 (66.1) | 1.212 (0.453–3.242) | 0.702 | ||
| Cleaning of cooking containers | |||||||
| Always | 157 (59.7) | 4 (19.0) | 153 (63.2) | 1 | |||
| Sometimes | 106 (40.3) | 17 (81.0) | 89 (36.8) | 7.306 (2.38–22.4) | 0.001 | 4.94 (0.795–30.74) | 0.087 |
| Contact with animals | |||||||
| Yes | 137 (52.1) | 13 (61.9) | 124 (51.2) | 1.546 (0.62–3.865) | 0.351 | ||
| No | 126 (47.9) | 8 (38.1) | 118 (48.8) | 1 | |||
COR: crude odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; AOR: adjusted odds ratio; ETB: Ethiopian Birr.