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. 2021 Apr 5;12:615228. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.615228

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Copyright © 2021 Rehman, Ansari, Haile, Karim, Abujheisha, Ahamad and Imam.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Concentration-response curves of Ca⁺⁺ in the absence (control) and presence of the increasing concentrations of (A) Thymus serrulatus essential oil (TS Oil) and (B) verapamil in isolated guinea-pig tracheal preparations. The values shown are mean ± SEM of 3–4 individual experiments conducted on the isolated tracheal tissue preparations from 3 to 4 different guinea-pigs. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 shows comparison of the mean of Ca⁺⁺-mediated contractions in the pretreated tissues with TS Oil. (A) and verapamil, (B) with the respective mean of Ca⁺⁺-mediated contractions in control (untreated) tracheal tissues (Repeated Measures ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post-test).