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. 2021 Mar 25;118(15):e2019706118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2019706118

Table 1.

Effects of SIP policies on COVID-19, mobility, and unemployment

DV = cases Deaths Mobility Unemployment
Shelter in Place 3.804 0.328 −0.007** 0.475
(2.786) (0.174) (0.002) (0.266)
Controls for lagged DV X X X X
State FEs X X X X
Day FEs X X X X
Observations 4,150 4,150 4,200 600
R-squared 0.676 0.696 0.953 0.909

State-clustered SEs are in parentheses; **P < 0.01. Shelter in place is measured as the proportion of a state’s residents under a SIP order on a given day. Cases and deaths are coded as new cases or new deaths per million residents. Mobility is measured as the proportional change in distance traveled. Unemployment is the insured unemployment rate. For cases, deaths, and mobility, we include 14 controls for the lagged dependent variable for each of the preceding 14 d, and, for unemployment, which is measured weekly, we include two controls for the lagged dependent variable from 7 and 14 d prior. DV, dependent variable; FEs, fixed effects. X indicates they were included in the regression.