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. 2021 Apr 7;118(15):e2019630118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2019630118

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Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND).

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Fig. 4. — Wild-type Mfd and MfdRA953 induce mutations via R-loops in cells under starvation stress. Number of mutants (number of colonies counted on minimal lactose media) observed over time in strains lacking Mfd (PJH813 + pET21a^Lac-; red) or expressing wild-type Mfd (PJH813 + pET21a^Lac-Mfd; blue), MfdRA953 (PJH813 + pET21a^Lac-MfdRA953; magenta) or MfdLR499 (PJH813 + pET21a^Lac-MfdLR499; green). Colonies seen before day 2 arise due to replication-associated mutations while in liquid media and are not counted (27). Data are an average of three independent cultures, and error bars represent SEM.