Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and clinical informations for participants at baseline and after treatment.
| Baseline |
After treatment |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC (n = 52) | MDD (n = 53) | P-value | Actual rTMS (n = 37) | Sham rTMS (n = 16) | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 33.60 (10.31) | 30.66 (11.99) | 0.182* | 30.05 (12.92) | 32.06 (9.72) | 0.581* |
| Female | 28 (53.85%) | 28 (52.83%) | 0.927† | 20 (54.05%) | 8 (50.00%) | 0.997† |
| Education (years) | 13.05 (4.64) | 11.64 (3.52) | 0.400‡ | 11.68 (3.30) | 11.56 (4.10) | 0.916* |
| BMI | 23.23 (3.13) | 22.62 (3.81) | 0.367* | 22.91 (3.94) | 21.93 (3.51) | 0.396* |
| Smoking | 13 (25.00%) | 10 (18.87%) | 0.601† | 8 (21.62%) | 2 (12.50%) | 0.692† |
| Age of onset (years) | - | 26.74 (11.68) | - | 26.89 (13.04) | 26.38 (8.06) | 0.884* |
| Duration of the disease (month) | - | 49.99 (63.25) | - | 45.68 (7.51) | 75.63 (88.63) | 0.336‡ |
| HAMD-24 score (baseline) | 1.92 (2.25) | 36.09 (7.27) | < 0.001‡ | 35.81 (6.70) | 36.75 (8.65) | 0.670* |
| HAMD-24 score (5 day) | - | - | - | 18.24 (10.12) | 25.38 (10.02) | 0.022* |
| HAMD-24 score (1 week) | - | - | - | 13.89 (9.28) | 20.13 (12.22) | 0.047* |
| HAMD-24 score (2 week) | - | - | - | 11.51 (8.33) | 17.06 (12.07) | 0.058* |
| HAMD-24 score (3 week) | - | - | - | 8.65 (6.96) | 13.88 (11.29) | 0.044* |
| HAMD-24 score (4 week) | - | - | - | 6.81 (5.97) | 13.69 (12.13) | 0.008* |
| SDS score (baseline) | 34.56 (6.53) | 71.77 (10.90) | < 0.001* | 71.27 (11.09) | 72.94 (10.68) | 0.614* |
| SDS score (5 day) | - | - | - | 54.27 (17.68) | 57.06 (14.23) | 0.580* |
| BHS score (baseline) | 5.94 (1.78) | 11.17 (10.90) | < 0.001* | 11.08 (4.73) | 11.38 (5.35) | 0.843* |
| BHS score (5 day) | - | - | - | 7.19 (5.63) | 8.25 (5.67) | 0.532* |
| CTQ-SF score (baseline) | 37.85 (3.79) | 51.81 (11.82) | < 0.001‡ | 49.57 (10.79) | 57.00 (12.79) | 0.034* |
| LES score (baseline) | 5.46 (10.09) | 41.91 (28.60) | < 0.001‡ | 37.95 (25.53) | 51.06 (33.81) | 0.126* |
| BSI-CV-C score (baseline) | - | 5.92 (7.76) | - | 6.65 (8.13) | 4.25 (6.77) | 0.211‡ |
| Serum BDNF ng/ml (baseline) | 28.81 (7.29) | 21.34 (4.67) | < 0.001* | 21.53 (4.74) | 20.91 (4.61) | 0.662* |
| Serum BDNF ng/ml (5 day) | - | - | - | 25.27 (5.67) | 21.10 (4.75) | 0.013* |
Data presented as mean (standard deviation) or number of participants in each group (% of total).
MDD, major depressive disorder; HC, healthy control; BMI, body mass index; HAMD-24, the 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale; SDS, Self-Rating Depression Scale; BHS, Beck Hopelessness Scale; CTQ-SF, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form; LES, Life Event Scale; BSI-CV-C, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation-Chinese version-Current; rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
⁎
Independent-samples t-test.
†
Chi-squared test.
‡
Mann-Whitney U-test.