Table 1.

Significance of commonly used current biomarkers in the evaluation of anti-TNF therapeutic efficacy in patients with IBD in the clinical practice.

Biomarker	Decreased or normalized in CD			Decreased or normalized in UC
	Response	Remission	Mucosal healing	Response	Remission	Mucosal healing
Faecal calprotectin	+ [13]	+ [79]	+ [11]	+ [79]	+ [79]	+ [12]
CRP	+ [75, 80]	+ [81]	+ [82]	+ [83]	+ [19]	+ [82]
Serum levels of anti-TNF drugs	+ [22, 25, 84, 85]	+ [[22], [23], [24], 28]	+ [22, 25]	+ [86]	+ [86]	+ [87]
Anti-drug antibody	+ [88, 89]	+ [28, 90]	+ [89]	+ [88]	+ [91]	+ [89]

(reference ID].