Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants before matching
| Group 1 (121) | Group 2 (175) | Effect Size | t, z, or Chi-square | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 41.8 ± 9.2 | 35.1 ± 10.6 | 0.675 | −5.600 a | < 0.001 |
| Education years (year) | 11.9 ± 4.0 | 13.1 ± 3.7 | 0.311 | 2.588 a | 0.010 |
| Sex (male) (%) | 39 (32.2) | 52 (29.7) | 0.027 | 0.213 b | 0.645 |
| Occupation (%) | |||||
| Full-time or part-time | 83 (68.6) | 127 (72.6) | |||
| Unemployed or retired | 38 (31.4) | 48 (27.4) | 0.043 | 0.549 b | 0.459 |
| Nature of work (%) | |||||
| Mental talents labor | 58 (47.9) | 117 (66.9) | |||
| Physical labor | 39 (32.2) | 33 (18.9) | |||
| Both | 24 (19.9) | 25 (14.3) | 0.192 | 10.924 b | 0.004 |
| Marital status (%) | |||||
| Married or remarried | 101 (83.5) | 107 (61.1) | |||
| Divorced or widowed or single | 20 (16.5) | 68 (38.9) | 0.240 | 17.072 b | < 0.001 |
| Living situation (%) | |||||
| Living alone | 12 (9.9) | 15 (8.6) | |||
| With parents or spouse | 31 (25.6) | 66 (37.7) | |||
| With spouse and child | 9 (7.4) | 35 (20.0) | |||
| Other | 69 (57.1) | 59 (33.7) | 0.259 | 19.919 b | < 0.001 |
| Independence (%) | |||||
| Independent | 115 (95.0) | 156 (89.1) | |||
| Need assistance | 6 (5.0) | 19 (10.9) | 0.104 | 3.219 b | 0.073 |
| Childhood trauma (%) | |||||
| Yes | 39 (32.2) | 71 (40.6) | 0.085 | 2.131 b | 0.144 |
| Religion (%) | |||||
| No | 117 (96.7) | 158 (90.3) | 0.123 | 4.457 b | 0.035 |
| Smoking history (%) | |||||
| Never | 89 (73.6) | 136 (77.7) | |||
| Quit smoking | 11 (9.0) | 7 (4.0) | |||
| Smoking now | 21 (17.4) | 32 (18.3) | 0.105 | 3.246 b | 0.197 |
| Alcohol use (%) | |||||
| Never | 89 (73.6) | 106 (60.6) | |||
| Quit drinking | 10 (8.3) | 5 (2.8) | |||
| Drinking now | 22 (18.1) | 64 (36.6) | 0.220 | 14.284 c | 0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | |||||
| Yes | 14 (11.6) | 10 (5.7) | 0.105 | 3.293 b | 0.070 |
| Diabetes (%) | |||||
| Yes | 7 (5.8) | 4 (2.3) | 0.091 | 2.448 c | 0.131 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | |||||
| Yes | 9 (7.4) | 18 (10.3) | 0.049 | 0.700 b | 0.403 |
| First degree relatives (%) | |||||
| Yes | 20 (16.5) | 33 (18.9) | 0.030 | 0.264 b | 0.608 |
| Duration of MDD (months) | 6.0 (2.0, 12.0) | 6.0 (3.0, 21.0) | −1.513 d | 0.130 | |
| BMI (%) | 0.144 | 6.157 b | 0.104 | ||
| Low weight | 11 (9.1) | 18 (10.3) | |||
| Normal | 59 (48.8) | 107 (61.1) | |||
| Overweight | 41 (33.8) | 42 (24.0) | |||
| Obesity | 10 (8.3) | 8 (4.6) | |||
| HAMD anxiety subscale | 5.8 ± 2.2 | 6.1 ± 1.8 | 0.149 | 0.972 a | 0.332 |
| HAMD weight subscale | 0.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 1.0) | −3.422 d | 0.001 | |
| HAMD cognition subscale | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 3.1 ± 1.6 | 0.057 | 0.493 a | 0.623 |
| HAMD retard subscale | 6.8 ± 1.7 | 6.5 ± 1.8 | 0.171 | − 1.534 a | 0.126 |
| HAMA somatic anxiety | 13.4 ± 4.1 | 13.2 ± 3.7 | 0.051 | − 0.544 a | 0.687 |
| HAMA psychological anxiety | 6.9 ± 4.3 | 7.5 ± 4.2 | 0.141 | 1.182 a | 0.238 |
G1 Group 1, patients with severe sleep disturbance, G2 Group 2, patients without severe sleep disturbance
a Independent sample t-test; b chi-square test; c Fisher’s exact test; d nonparametric test