Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics after matching
| Group 1 (121) | Group 2 (121) | Effect Size | t, z, or Chi-square | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 41.8 ± 9.2 | 37.1 ± 10.4 | 0.478 | −3.699 a | < 0.001 |
| Education years | 11.9 ± 4.0 | 12.7 ± 3.8 | 0.205 | 1.588 a | 0.114 |
| Sex (male) (%) | 39 (32.2) | 33 (27.3) | 0.054 | 0.712 b | 0.399 |
| Occupation (%) | |||||
| Full-time or part-time | 83 (68.6) | 86 (71.1) | |||
| Unemployed or retired | 38 (31.4) | 35 (28.9) | 0.027 | 0.177 b | 0.674 |
| Nature of work (%) | |||||
| Mental talents labor | 58 (48.0) | 75 (62.0) | |||
| Physical labor | 39 (32.2) | 28 (23.1) | |||
| Both | 24 (19.8) | 18 (14.9) | 0.141 | 4.836 b | 0.089 |
| Marital status (%) | |||||
| Married or remarried | 101 (83.5) | 89 (73.6) | |||
| Divorced, widowed, or single | 20 (16.5) | 32 (26.4) | 0.121 | 3.527 b | 0.060 |
| Living situation (%) | |||||
| Living alone | 12 (9.9) | 9 (7.4) | |||
| With parents or spouse | 31 (25.6) | 42 (34.7) | |||
| With spouse and child | 9 (7.4) | 17 (14.1) | |||
| Other | 69 (57.1) | 53 (43.8) | 0.166 | 6.646 b | 0.084 |
| Independence (%) | |||||
| Independent | 115 (95.0) | 112 (92.6) | |||
| Need assistance | 6 (5.0) | 9 (7.4) | 0.051 | 0.640 b | 0.424 |
| Childhood trauma (%) | |||||
| Yes | 39 (32.2) | 46 (38.0) | 0.061 | 0.889 b | 0.346 |
| Religion (%) | |||||
| No | 117 (96.7) | 114 (94.2) | 0.061 | 0.857 b | 0.355 |
| Smoking (%) | |||||
| Never | 89 (73.6) | 96 (79.3) | |||
| Quit smoking | 11 (9.0) | 5 (4.1) | |||
| Smoking now | 21 (17.4) | 20 (16.5) | 0.102 | 2.539 c | 0.281 |
| Alcohol use (%) | |||||
| Never | 89 (73.6) | 84 (69.4) | |||
| Quit drinking | 10 (8.2) | 4 (3.3) | |||
| Drinking now | 22 (18.2) | 33 (27.3) | 0.143 | 4.916 c | 0.086 |
| Hypertension (%) | |||||
| Yes | 14 (11.6) | 9 (7.4) | 0.105 | 1.201 b | 0.381 |
| Diabetes (%) | |||||
| Yes | 7 (5.8) | 3 (2.5) | 0.091 | 1.669 c | 0.333 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | |||||
| Yes | 9 (7.4) | 13 (10.7) | 0.049 | 0.800 b | 0.371 |
| First degree of relatives (%) | |||||
| Yes | 20 (16.5) | 20 (16.5) | 0.030 | 0.000 b | 1.000 |
| Duration of MDD (months) | 6.0 (2.0, 12.0) | 6.0 (3.0, 12.5) | 0.198 d | 0.843 | |
| BMI (%) | 0.139 | 4.709 b | 0.194 | ||
| Low weight | 11 (9.1) | 13 (10.7) | |||
| Normal | 59 (48.8) | 73 (60.3) | |||
| Overweight | 41 (33.8) | 29 (24.0) | |||
| Obesity | 10 (8.3) | 6 (5.0) | |||
| HAMD anxiety subscale | 5.8 ± 2.2 | 5.8 ± 1.8 | 0.000 | −0.129 a | 0.897 |
| HAMD weight subscale | 1.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 1.0) | −1.757 d | 0.080 | |
| HAMD cognition subscale | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 3.0 ± 1.6 | 0.000 | −0.073 a | 0.942 |
| HAMD retard subscale | 6.8 ± 1.7 | 6.7 ± 1.7 | 0.059 | −0.675 a | 0.500 |
| HAMA somatic anxiety | 13.4 ± 4.1 | 13.3 ± 3.6 | 0.026 | − 0.133 a | 0.894 |
| HAMA psychological anxiety | 6.9 ± 4.3 | 7.2 ± 3.8 | 0.066 | 0.615 a | 0.539 |
G1 Group 1, patients with severe sleep disturbance, G2 Group 2, without severe sleep disturbance
a Independent sample t-test; b chi-square test; c Fisher’s exact test; d nonparametric test