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. 2021 Apr 19;19:111. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-00854-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — a Size distribution and TEM image (the insert) of D-MPNs. Scale bar: 100 nm. b Expansions of the ¹H NMR spectra (600 MHz, D₂O) of free DOX (top), D-NPs (middle) and D-MPNs (bottom). c Release of DOX from D-MPNs (100 μg mL⁻¹) at different conditions mimicking physiological environments (means ± SD, n = 3). d Viabilities of 4T1 cells after treatment with NPs, MPNs, DOX, D-NPs and D-MPNs for 48 h (means ± SD, n = 5). e Proliferation inhibition of 4T1 cells incubated with D-NPs and D-MPNs at various DOX concentrations for 48 h. The cells were pretreated with 10 mM GSH-OEt for 2 h. The cells non-pretreated with GSH-OEt were used as control, (*p < 0.05)