FIG. 1.

Murine model of traumatic brain injury and subsequent bacterial pneumonia. (A) Model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subsequent bacterial pneumonia. Mice are exposed to craniotomy and TBI as described in the Methods. Twenty-four hours later, mice are intratracheally instilled with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Outcomes, in this case mortality and lung bacterial clearance, are measured at 36 and 6 h, respectively. (B) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of mice brains 24 h after respective injuries. MRI was performed on mice after craniotomy alone, a male mouse that had undergone TBI and a female mouse that had undergone TBI. Mice that underwent craniotomy (n = 3) had little if any damage from the procedure, whereas male (n = 3) and female (n = 3) mice both had severe injury 24 h after TBI. A representative image from each group is shown.