Skip to main content
. 2021 Apr 5;38(8):989–999. doi: 10.1089/neu.2020.7327

FIG. 4.

FIG. 4.

Differential tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α activation in male and female macrophages after exposure to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Macrophages were exposed to P. aeruginosa for the times indicated and TNF-α was measured. (A) Male (MH-S) and female (AMJ2-C11) alveolar macrophages were exposed to PAK, and TNF-α was assayed at indicated time points. Both male and female macrophages produce greater quantities of TNF-α over time. At later time points, female alveolar macrophages (pink diamonds) make more TNF-α than male alveolar macrophages (blue circles), n = 8 for all time points assayed, TNF-α was measured in duplicate, p < 0.05; *represents a significant difference compared with control, **represents a significant difference comparing male and female alveolar macrophages at the same time point. (B) Primary male and female macrophages were exposed to PAK, and TNF-α was assayed at indicated time points. Both male and female primary macrophages produce greater quantities of TNF-α over time. At 6 h, female alveolar macrophages (pink diamonds) make more TNF-α than male alveolar macrophages (blue circles), n = 7 for all time points assayed, TNF-α was measured in duplicate, p < 0.05; *represents a significant difference compared with control, **represents a significant difference comparing male and female alveolar macrophages at the same time point.