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. 2021 Apr 5;38(8):1072–1085. doi: 10.1089/neu.2015.4121

Table 2.

Risk of Bias Assessment

 
Selection bias/confounding
Performance ias
Attrition bias
Detection bias
Reporting bias
Information bias
Highest score OB1 Highest score OB2 Highest score OB3
Study ID OB1 OB2 OB3 OB1 OB2 OB3 OB2 OB3 OB2 OB3 OB1 OB2 OB3 OB1 OB2 OB3
Alali (2013)
L
M
L
L
L
M
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
M
M
Andriessen (2011)
L
-
-
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
-
-
L
-
-
L
-
-
Biersteker (2012)
L
L
L
L
L
M
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
M
Bulger (2002)
L
-
L
L
L
M
-
L
-
L
L
-
L
L
-
L
L
-
M
Fakhry (2004)
L
-
H
L
-
H
-
L
-
L
L
-
L
L
-
L
L
-
H
Farahvar (2012)
L
M
L
L
L
M
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
M
M
Franschman (2012)
L
-
-
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
-
-
L
-
-
L
-
-
Griesdale (2010)
L
M
M
L
L
M
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
M
M
Harr (2011)
L
M
-
L
L
-
L
-
L
-
L
L
-
L
L
-
L
M
-
Härtl (2006)
H
H
L
L
L
M
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
H
H
M
Haydon (2013)
L
-
-
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
-
-
L
-
-
L
-
-
Heskestad (2008)
L
H
-
L
L
-
L
-
L
-
L
L
-
L
L
-
L
H
-
Mauritz (2008)
L
H
L
L
L
M
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
M
L
H
M
Mooney (2011)
H
-
-
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
-
-
L
-
-
H
-
-
Prowse (2009)
L
-
-
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
-
-
L
-
-
L
-
-
Ravindran (2007)
H
-
-
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
-
-
L
-
-
H
-
-
Rognas (2013)
L
-
-
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
-
-
L
-
-
L
-
-
Rusnak (2007)
L
-
L
L
-
M
-
H
-
L
L
-
L
L
-
M
L
-
H
Shafi (2014)
L
L
L
L
L
M
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
M
L
L
M
Shafi-b (2014)
L
-
-
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
-
-
L
-
-
L
-
-
Shravat (2006)
L
-
-
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
-
-
L
-
-
L
-
-
Talving (2013) L L L L L M L L L L L L L L L L L L M

Table represents the risk of bias for the three objectives.

OB1, objective 1 (assessing the amount of adherence); OB2, objective 2 (assessing factors influencing adherence); OB3, objective 3 (assessing the association between adherence and outcome); L, low risk of bias; M, moderate risk of bias; H, high risk of bias.