Table 1.
Clinical and Demographic Data for Clinical Groups
| CN (n=681) | MCI (n=479) | AD (n=261) | F or x2 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical/Demographic | |||||
| Age, yrs | 73.9 (6.8) | 73.6 (7.2) | 75.4 (7.6) | 2.954 | .05 |
| Sex (n,% Male)c | 358 (52.6%) | 295 (61.6%) | 145 (55.6%) | 9.333 | .009 |
| BMI, kg/m2abc | 27.4 (4.9) | 26.6 (4.3) | 25.6 (4.3) | 14.915 | < .001 |
| Education, yrsa | 16.3 (2.7) | 15.9 (2.9) | 15.2 (2.9) | 12.409 | < .001 |
| APOE-ϵ4 carriers (n,%)abc | 232 (34.1%) | 260 (54.3%) | 178 (68.2%) | 102.950 | < .001 |
| Hypertensive (n,%) | 317 (46.6%) | 236 (49.3%) | 134 (51.3%) | 1.936 | .38 |
| Medication Use, (n,%) | |||||
| Antihypertensive agentsab | 128 (18.8%) | 107 (22.3%) | 77 (29.5%) | 12.683 | .002 |
| ACE inhibitors | 38 (29.7%) | 34 (31.8%) | 24 (31.2%) | ||
| Alpha-blockers | 7 (18.3%) | 5 (4.7%) | 7 (9.1%) | ||
| Angiotensin II inhibitors | 29 (22.7%) | 23 (21.5%) | 19 (24.7%) | ||
| Calcium channel-blockers | 37 (28.9%) | 19 (17.8%) | 15 (19.5%) | ||
| Central agonists | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Combined alpha-beta-blockers | 2 (1.6%) | 5 (4.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Diuretics | 15 (11.7%) | 19 (17.8%) | 10 (13.0%) | ||
| Vasodilators | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.6%) | ||
| ChEIsabc | 38 (5.6%) | 117 (24.4%) | 112 (42.9%) | 187.38 | < .001 |
| Mean BP, mmHg | |||||
| Systolic | 132.4 (13.0) | 133.2 (13.4) | 133.8 (13.5) | 0.601 | .55 |
| Diastolic | 73.5 (7.9) | 74.0 (7.5) | 74.2 (6.7) | 0.852 | .43 |
| Baseline Vascular Risk Factors, (n,%) | |||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 74 (10.9%) | 60 (12.5%) | 33 (12.6%) | 0.992 | .61 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 28 (4.1%) | 11 (2.3%) | 12 (4.6%) | 3.618 | .16 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 42 (6.2%) | 44 (9.2%) | 19 (7.3%) | 3.750 | .15 |
| Carotid artery disease | 3 (0.4%) | 6 (1.3%) | 1 (0.4%) | 3.124 | .21 |
| TIA/minor stroke | 16 (2.4%) | 9 (1.9%) | 7 (2.7%) | 0.552 | .76 |
Means and standard deviations shown unless otherwise indicated.
Significant differences (p < .05) among clinical groups are identified in boldface type.
indicates a Least Significant Difference-corrected pairwise difference between AD and CN at p < .05
indicates a Least Significant Difference-corrected pairwise difference between AD and MCI at p < .05
indicates a Least Significant Difference-corrected pairwise difference between MCI and CN at p < .05
Abbreviations: ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; APOE = apolipoprotein E; BP = blood pressure; BMI = body mass index; ChEIs = acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; TIA = transient ischemic attack; CN = cognitively normal; MCI = Mild Cognitive Impairment; AD = Alzheimer’s disease