Table 2.
Clinical and Angiographic Characteristics at Presentation
| COVID+ Patients (n = 230) | PUIs (n = 495) | p Value (COVID+ Patients vs. PUIs) | Control Patients (n = 460) | p Value (COVID+ Patients vs. Control Patients) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 symptoms | NA | NA | |||
| Dyspnea | 125 (54) | 180 (36) | <0.001 | ||
| Chest pain | 119 (52) | 386 (78) | <0.001 | ||
| Syncope | 6 (3) | 29 (6) | 0.057 | ||
| Abnormal chest x-ray findings | NA | NA | |||
| Infiltrates | 105 (46) | 90 (18) | <0.001 | ||
| Pleural effusion | 17 (7) | 31 (6) | 0.569 | ||
| Cardiomegaly | 20 (9) | 25 (5) | 0.058 | ||
| Cardiac arrest pre-PCI | 23 (11) | 79 (16) | 0.088 | 34 (7) | 0.095 |
| Cardiogenic shock pre-PCI | 36 (18) | 67 (14) | 0.203 | 44 (10) | 0.002 |
| Presented in-hospital STEMI | 13 (6) | 9 (2) | 0.004 | 24 (5) | 0.735 |
| No angiography | 50 (22) | 19 (4) | <0.001 | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Door-to-balloon time, min | 79 (52–125) | 77 (55–119) | 0.989 | 66 (46–93)∗ | 0.008 |
| Door-to-balloon time ≤90 min | 58 | 63 | 0.422 | 73 | 0.006 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 45 (35–55) | 45 (35–52) | 0.816 | 45 (35–55) | 0.474 |
| Reperfusion strategies among patients undergoing angiography | n = 179 | n = 463 | n = 459 | <0.001 | |
| Thrombolytics | 6 (3) | 3 (1) | 0.017 | 0 (0) | |
| Primary PCI | 127 (71) | 375 (81) | 0.006 | 425 (93) | |
| Facilitated/rescue PCI | 7 (4) | 16 (3) | 0.781 | 14 (3) | |
| Medical Tx | 36 (20) | 51 (11) | 0.003 | 9 (2) | |
| CABG | 3 (2) | 18 (4) | 0.158 | 11 (2) | |
| Culprit artery | 0.013 | <0.001 | |||
| LMCA | 1 (1) | 4 (1) | 5 (1) | ||
| LAD/diagonal | 52 (29) | 164 (35) | 173 (38) | ||
| LCx/OM/PDA | 12 (7) | 37 (8) | 62 (14) | ||
| RCA/PDA | 44 (25) | 136 (29) | 196 (43) | ||
| Bypass graft | 0 (0) | 4 (1) | 13 (3) | ||
| Ramus | 0 (0) | 2 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Multiple | 29 (16) | 65 (14) | 0 (0) | ||
| No culprit | 41 (23) | 51 (11) | 5 (1) | ||
| TIMI flow grade post-PCI | 0.534 | 0.010 | |||
| 0/1 | 7 (6) | 17 (5) | 8 (2) | ||
| 2/3 | 106 (94) | 343 (95) | 436 (98) | ||
| Number of stents | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.958 | 1 (1–2) | 0.805 |
| Drug-eluting stent | 113 (97) | 346 (96) | 0.820 | 398 (98) | 0.359 |
Values are n (%), median (interquartile range), or %, unless otherwise indicated.
LAD = left anterior descending artery; LCx = left circumflex artery; LMCA = left main coronary artery; OM = obtuse marginal branch; PDA = posterior descending artery; RCA = right coronary artery; STEMI = ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; TIMI = Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction; Tx = treatment; other abbreviations as in Table 1.
∗
Door-to-balloon time after exclusion of transfer patients (>60 miles from primary PCI center).