Table 3.
Associations between use of digital mental health tools and other technologies and prevalence of mental illness symptoms and the rate of COVID-19 cases: estimates based on seven separate logistic modelsa.
| Variables | Model 1: Mental health forums, websites, or apps (n=5849) | Model 2: Phone-based or text-based crisis lines (n=5831) | Model 3: Other health forums, websites, or apps (n=5854) | Model 4: Social media and blogs (n=5788) | Model 5: Online, computer, or console gaming/video gaming (n=5866) | Model 6: Online calendar, checklist, planner, Word, Notepad, Google Docs, spreadsheet, or Google Sheets (n=5835) | Model 7: Email, texting or messaging software, or video conferencing software (n=5849) |
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|
ORb (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| Symptoms of depression | 6.01c (4.70-7.70) | 4.98c (3.66-6.77) | 3.44c (2.81-4.20) | 1.56c (1.31-1.86) | 1.63c (1.36-1.95) | 1.91c (1.60-2.28) | 1.66c (1.39-1.98) |
| Symptoms of anxiety | 2.95c (2.37-3.66) | 2.85c (2.22-3.66) | 2.55c (2.11-3.10) | 1.80c (1.51-2.14) | 1.67c (1.40-1.99) | 2.09c (1.75-2.50) | 1.82c (1.52-2.17) |
| County-level COVID-19 case rate per 10 people | 2.70d (1.49-4.88) | 1.81e (1.02-3.19) | 2.60c (1.55-4.34) | 1.49 (0.95-2.36) | 1.65e (1.07-2.56) | 2.04e (1.26-3.30) | 1.77e (1.09-2.89) |
| Survey time point | 1.20c (1.11-1.30) | 1.20c (1.10-1.31) | 1.12d (1.05-1.20) | 1.08e (1.02-1.15) | 1.12c (1.05-1.19) | 1.08e (1.01-1.15) | 1.08e (1.02-1.14) |
aModels adjusted for the following covariates: age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, employment status, income level, education level, and fixed state effects.
bOR: odds ratio.
cP<.001.
dP<.0037 (Šidák-corrected P value).
eP<.05.