Table 3.
The associations between long-term PM2.5 exposure and CKD and albuminuria in participants with different characteristics in China between 2007 and 2010
| Characteristic | Number of Eligible Participants | CKD | Albuminuria | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | Interaction P Value | OR (95% CI) | Interaction P Value | ||
| Region | |||||
| Urban | 25,345 | 1.27 (1.21 to 1.34) | 0.004 | 1.37 (1.29 to 1.45) | 0.002 |
| Rural | 21,859 | 1.17 (1.07 to 1.27) | 1.23 (1.12 to 1.36) | ||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 20,148 | 1.34 (1.26 to 1.41) | 0.005 | 1.45 (1.37 to 1.54) | 0.001 |
| Female | 27,056 | 1.27 (1.20 to 1.34) | 1.36 (1.29 to 1.44) | ||
| Age | |||||
| ≥65 yr | 7915 | 1.17 (1.11 to 1.25) | <0.001 | 1.25 (1.17 to 1.34) | <0.001 |
| <65 yr | 39,289 | 1.34 (1.27 to 1.41) | 1.44 (1.36 to 1.53) | ||
| BMI | |||||
| ≥25 kg/m2 | 16,453 | 1.28 (1.21 to 1.35) | 0.30 | 1.39 (1.31 to 1.47) | 0.49 |
| <25 kg/m2 | 30,418 | 1.31 (1.24 to 1.38) | 1.41 (1.33 to 1.49) | ||
| Smoking status | |||||
| Noncurrent smoker | 36,110 | 1.28 (1.22 to 1.35) | 0.14 | 1.39 (1.31 to 1.47) | 0.19 |
| Current smoker | 11,094 | 1.33 (1.25 to 1.41) | 1.43 (1.34 to 1.53) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | |||||
| No | 43,671 | 1.31 (1.25 to 1.38) | 0.002 | 1.38 (1.31 to 1.46) | 0.11 |
| Yes | 3488 | 1.20 (1.12 to 1.28) | 1.32 (1.23 to 1.42) | ||
| Hypertension | |||||
| No | 30,357 | 1.30 (1.24 to 1.36) | 0.03 | 1.42 (1.34 to 1.51) | 0.02 |
| Yes | 16,604 | 1.25 (1.18 to 1.31) | 1.36 (1.28 to 1.45) | ||
| History of CVD | |||||
| No | 41,114 | 1.30 (1.23 to 1.36) | 0.03 | 1.40 (1.32 to 1.48) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 1220 | 1.23 (1.16 to 1.32) | 1.29 (1.20 to 1.39) | ||
Model 2 adjustment (as illustrated in the Table 2 footnote) was used for the stratified analyses. The 2-yr mean PM2.5 concentrations were used in the models. The analysis was performed for an increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5.