A. Numbers of renal-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells isolated from 16-week-old male MRL/lpr mice after four weeks of treatment with either PX-478 or PBS (n = 11, 10, respectively). B. Semi-quantitative urine dipstick analysis for proteinuria from 16-week-old male MRL/lpr mice treated with PX-478 or PBS. C. Pathological scores of the 16-week-old male MRL/lpr mice treated with PX-478 or PBS, as assessed by the NIH activity index. D-F. Representative glomerular (D), perivascular aggregates near the corticomedullary junction (E) and immunofluorescence staining of glomerular IgG2a (F) from the same mice after 4 weeks of treatment with PX-478 (D-F) and PBS (G-I). Representative of 3 experiments, n = 10 to 11 animals per group. G-I. Representative pimonidazole staining of kidney sections from 16-week-old MRL/lpr mice treated with PBS (J) or PX-478 (K), and quantification of pimonidazole positive cortical tubular cells (L). Reference line indicates pimonidazole positive renal tubular cells in control Fas-intact MRL+/+ mice. n = 5, 6 and 4 respectively. J. Kaplan Meier survival curve of MRL/lpr mice treated with PBS or PX-478. (n = 10 animals each group). Data shown are mean ± s.d.; statistical analysis by two-tailed t-test (A-C, I) and log-rank test (J). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.