Table 1.

Manufacturer and composition of the surface treatment agents tested in the present study.

Material	Manufacturer	Composition
CoJectTM Sand	3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany	30-µm silica-modified Al2O3 particles
Monobond Etch and Prime	Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein	Tetrabutyl ammonium dihydrogen trifluoride, methacrylated phosphoric acid ester, trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate, alcohol, water
Bifix DC Ceramic Bond	VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany	Organic acid, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and acetone
Futurabond U	VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany	Liquid 1: Acidic adhesive monomer HEMA, BISGMA, HEDMA, UDMA, Catalyst; Liquid 2: Ethanol, initiator, catalyst
Bifix QM	VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany	Bis-GMA, DMA, silica fillers, initiator, pigment, additives