Table 3.
Laboratory Findings of the Study Participants Stratified by Severity
| Variable | All Patients (n=706) | Mild Cases (n= 238) | Moderate Cases (n= 214) | Severe Cases (n= 171) | Critical Cases (n= 83) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complete Blood Count | ||||||
| WBC >10,000 (Total n= 701, Mild n= 234, Moderate n= 214, Severe n= 171, Critical n= 82) (Yes) No. (%) | 116 (16.5) | 17 (7.3) | 22 (10.3) | 32 (18.7) | 45 (54.9) | 0.000*** |
| WBC <4000 (Total n= 705, Mild n= 238, Moderate n= 214, Severe n= 171, Critical n= 82) (Yes) No. (%) | 98 (13.9) | 34 (14.3) | 34 (15.9) | 21 (12.3) | 9 (11.0) | 0.638 |
| Lymphocyte count <1500 (Total n= 704, Mild n= 237, Moderate n= 214, Severe n= 171, Critical n= 82) (Yes) No. (%) | 148 (21.0) | 25 (10.5) | 40 (18.7) | 43 (25.1) | 40 (48.8) | 0.000*** |
| NLR (Mean (SD)) | 9.9 (33.5) | 1.17 (2.33) | 1.23 (2.28) | 9.2 (66.9) | 12.8 (18.8) | 0.000*** |
| Platelet < 150 (Total n= 704, Mild n= 238, Moderate n= 214, Severe n= 170, Critical n= 82) (Yes) No. (%) | 89 (12.6) | 21 (8.8) | 23 (10.7) | 22 (12.9) | 23 (28.0) | 0.000*** |
| D.dimer >0.5 (Total n= 703, Mild n= 236, Moderate n= 214, Severe n= 171, Critical n= 82) (Yes) No. (%) | 210 (29.9) | 27 (11.4) | 35 (16.4) | 91 (53.2) | 57 (69.5) | 0.000*** |
| Blood Groups (Total n= 322, Mild n= 82, Moderate n= 86, Severe n= 114, Critical n= 40) (Yes) No. (%) | ||||||
| A+ | 115 (35.7) | 34 (41.5) | 21 (24.4) | 44 (38.6) | 16 (40.0) | 0.000*** |
| A- | 2 (0.6) | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.8) | 0 | |
| AB+ | 22 (6.8) | 5 (6.1) | 5 (5.8) | 9 (7.9) | 3 (7.5) | |
| AB- | 1 (0.3) | 1 (1.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| B+ | 66 (20.5) | 16 (19.5) | 24 (27.9) | 20 (17.5) | 6 (15.0) | |
| B- | 3 (0.9) | 1 (1.2) | 2 (2.3) | 0 | 0 | |
| O+ | 92 (28.6) | 19 (23.2) | 27 (31.4) | 32 (28.1) | 14 (35.0) | |
| O– | 21 (6.5) | 6 (7.3) | 7 (8.1) | 7 (6.1) | 1 (2.5) | |
| Inflammatory measures | ||||||
| ESR>10 mm/h (Total n= 704, Mild n= 238, Moderate n= 214, Severe n= 170, Critical n= 82) (Yes) No. (%) | 366 (52.0) | 67 (28.2) | 99 (46.3) | 139 (81.8) | 61 (74.4) | 0.000*** |
| CRP>0.3 mg/dl (Total n= 704, Mild n= 238, Moderate n= 213, Severe n= 171, Critical n= 82) (Yes) No. (%) | 340 (48.3) | 65 (27.3) | 97 (45.6) | 132 (77.2) | 46 (56.1) | 0.000*** |
| Ferritin>400mcg/L (Total n= 705, Mild n= 238, Moderate n= 214, Severe n= 171, Critical n= 82) (Yes) No. (%) | 204 (28.9) | 40 (16.8) | 43 (20.1) | 76 (44.4) | 45 (54.9) | 0.000*** |
| Procalcitonin>0.5ug/L (Total n= 705, Mild n= 237, Moderate n= 216, Severe n= 170, Critical n= 82) (Yes) No. (%) | 13 (1.8) | 1 (0.4) | 6 (2.8) | 2 (1.2) | 4 (4.9) | 0.041* |
| Liver Function Tests (Total n= 705, Mild n= 238, Moderate n= 214, Severe n= 171, Critical n= 82) (Yes) No. (%) | ||||||
| AST>40 | 251 (35.6) | 58 (24.4) | 61 (28.5) | 81 (47.4) | 51 (62.2) | 0.000*** |
| ALT>40 | 237 (33.6) | 55 (23.1) | 56 (26.2) | 81 (47.4) | 45 (54.9) | 0.000*** |
| LDH>230 U/L (Total n= 704, Mild n= 238, Moderate n= 213, Severe n= 171, Critical n= 82) (Yes) No. (%) | 282 (40.1) | 51 (21.4) | 62 (29.1) | 108 (63.2) | 61 (74.4) | 0.000*** |
| Bilirubin>18.7 umol/L | 44 (6.2) | 6 (2.5) | 9 (4.2) | 11 (6.4) | 18 (22.0) | 0.000*** |
| Renal function tests (Total n= 705, Mild n= 238, Moderate n= 214, Severe n= 171, Critical n= 82) (Yes) No. (%) | ||||||
| Creatinine>115umol/L | 121 (17.2) | 13 (5.5) | 28 (13.1) | 34 (19.9) | 46 (56.1) | 0.000*** |
| Urea>6.04 mmol/L (Total n= 704, Mild n= 237, Moderate n= 214, Severe n= 171, Critical n= 82) (Yes) No. (%) | 171 (24.3) | 19 (8.0) | 46 (21.5) | 57 (33.3) | 49 (59.8) | 0.000*** |
Notes: *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001. Reference values; WBC: 4000–1000; lymphocyte: 1500–4000; NLR: 0.78–3.53; platelet: 150–400; D.dimer: 0–0.55; ESR: 0–10; CRP: 0–0.3; ferritin: 10–291; procalcitonin: 0–0.5; AST: 10–34; ALT: 46–120; LDH: 80–230; bilirubin: 0–18.7; creatinine: 44–90; urea: 3.2–8.2.
Abbreviations: AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; NLR, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; WBC, white blood cell.