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. 2021 Apr 14;14:467–481. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S301286

Table 7.

Standardized Direct, Indirect, and Total Effects of the Hypothesized Model

Research Construct Point Estimate (c) Product of Coefficients Bootstrapping
Percentile 95% CI Two-Tailed Significance
SE Z Lower Upper
FAM→PI 0.299 0.146 2.048 0.034 0.602 0.041 (**)
INT→PI 0.305 0.129 2.364 0.053 0.554 0.018 (**)
PU→PI 0.332 0.111 2.991 0.090 0.522 0.003 (**)
FAM→PU 0.500 0.125 4.000 0.262 0.736 0 0.000 (***)
INT→PU 0.432 0.122 3.541 0.162 0.631 0 0.000 (***)
FAM→PI 0.166 0.062 2.677 0.046 0.297 0.007 (**)
INT→PI 0.143 0.062 2.306 0.025 0.271 0.021 (**)
FAM→PI 0.465 0.125 3.720 0.214 0.691 0.000 (***)
INT→PI 0.449 0.127 3.535 0.177 0.665 0 0.000 (***)
PU→PI 0.332 0.111 2.991 0.090 0.522 0.003 (**)
FAM→PU 0.500 0.125 4.000 0.262 0.736 0.000 (***)
INT→PU 0.432 0.122 3.541 0.162 0.631 0.000 (**)

Notes: **p < 0.005; ***p < 0.001 (two-tailed).

Abbreviation: SE, standard error.