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. 2021 Apr 14;14:1283–1291. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S304706

Table 4.

Logistic Regression Analyses of the Relationship Between Co-Variables and Depression

Variables OR (95% CI) P value
Sex
 Male Ref
 Female 1.81 (1.65–1.98) <0.001
Age
 20–44 Ref
 45–64 1.19 (1.07–1.31) 0.00
 ≥65 0.92 (0.81–1.04) 0.17
Race
 Mexican American Ref
 Other Hispanic 1.27 (1.07–1.50) 0.01
 Non-Hispanic White 1.26 (1.09–1.45) 0.00
 Non-Hispanic Black 1.09 (0.94–1.27) 0.24
 Non-Hispanic Asian 0.98 (0.8–1.19) 0.82
 Other Race 1.40 (1.09–1.80) 0.01
Education level
 Less than 11th grade Ref
 High school graduate 0.85 (0.75–0.97) 0.01
 College graduate or above 0.77 (0.68–0.86) <0.001
Marital status
 Married/living with partner Ref
 Widowed/divorced/separated 1.42 (1.27–1.58) <0.001
 Never married 1.38 (1.23–1.55) <0.001
Family PIR
 ≤100% Ref
 >100% 0.80 (0.78–0.82) <0.001
Smoking
 No Ref
 Yes 1.56 (1.42–1.71) <0.001
Drinking alcohol
 No Ref
 Yes 1.23 (1.11–1.37) <0.001

Abbreviation: PIR, poverty-to-income ratio.