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. 2021 Apr 15;13:3317–3326. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S305422

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© 2021 Xu et al.

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Images from case 15. Male, 54 years of age, HCC. The lesion is located at S7 with a diameter of 3.3cm.

Notes: (A) Selective angiography of the common hepatic artery during the second cTACE procedure shows tumor staining (arrow); (B and C) superselective embolization of the tumor feeding artery (arrow); (D) selective angiography of the common hepatic artery shows tumor staining disappears after embolization (arrow); (E) follow-up CT scan 2 months after thesecond cTCAE shows little lipiodol accumulation within the HCC lesion (arrow); (F) follow-up contrast-enhanced MRI 2 months after thesecond cTCAE shows persistent contrast enhancement of the HCC lesion (arrow); (G) ¹²⁵Ibrachytherapy for TACE-refractory HCC is performed under the guidance of CT (arrow); (H) CT 1 month after ¹²⁵Ibrachytherapy shows HCC lesion is stable (arrow); (I) CT 6 months after ¹²⁵Ibrachytherapy shows remarkable particles aggregation (arrow); (J) selective angiography of the common hepatic artery 6 months after ¹²⁵Ibrachytherapy shows no visible tumor staining (arrow); (Kand L) T2WI and contrast-enhanced MRI 6 months after ¹²⁵Ibrachytherapy show complete response with 100% necrosis of the TACE-refractory HCC lesion (arrow).

Abbreviations: HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; cTACE, conventional transarterial chemoembolization; CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; T2WI, T2-weighted imaging; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization.