Table 2.
Analysis between PSQI results and age group. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation. The relationship between reaction time and age group is presented as P value.
| Total n = 86 | Adolescents n = 35 | Adults n = 51 | P† | 95% Cl | Reaction time (sec) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adolescents | Adults | ||||||
| How long has it taken you to fall asleep each night? | 13.9 ± 9.2 | 14.5 ± 8.6 | 13.6 ± 9.8 | 0.660 | −3.167–4.971 | 0.061 | 0.477 |
| What time have you usually gotten up in the morning? | 9.2 ± 2.2 | 9.3 ± 1.4 | 9.1 ± 2.6 | 0.711 | −0.794–1.160 | 0.722 | 0.987 |
| How many hours of actual sleep did you get at night? | 7.7 ± 1.3 | 7.6 ± 1.4 | 7.8 ± 1.3 | 0.645 | −0.717–0.446 | 0.939 | 0.749 |
| Cannot get to sleep within 30 minutes | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.053 | −0.005–0.811 | 0.168 | 0.127 |
| Wake up in the middle of the night or early morning | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | <0.001 | 0.377–1.242 | 0.908 | 0.713 |
| Have to get up to use the bathroom | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 0.6 ± 0.8 | 0.007 | 0.152–0.938 | 0.106 | 0.621 |
| Cannot breathe comfortably | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.046 | 0.002–0.226 | 0.014 | 0.693 |
| Cough or snore loudly | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.020 | 0.040–0.470 | 0.087 | 0.764 |
| Feel too cold | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.255 | −0.055–0.205 | 0.158 | 0.077 |
| Feel too hot | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 0.001 | 0.308–1.153 | 0.190 | 0.642 |
| Have bad dreams | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.012 | 0.073–0.566 | 0.035 | 0.729 |
| Have pain | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.794 | −0.091–0.070 | 0.734 | 0.673 |
|
| |||||||
| During the past month… | |||||||
| …how often have you taken medicine to help you sleep? | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | /±/ | — | −0.018–0.075 | 0.743 | — |
| …how often have you had trouble staying awake while driving, eating meals, or engaging in social activity? | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.027 | 0.023–0.373 | 0.494 | 0.830 |
| …how much of a problem has it been for you to keep up enthusiasm to get things done? | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.009 | 0.075–0.507 | 0.241 | 0.348 |
| …how would you rate your sleep quality overall? | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 0.219 | −0.139–0.460 | 0.471 | 0.376 |
Questions 5–13 [scale: not during the past month (0), less than once a week (1), once or twice a week (2), three or more times a week (3)]; Questions 14–17 [scale: very good (0), fairly good (1), fairly bad (2), very bad (3)], RT = reaction time, † between groups, 95% Cl = 95% confidence Interval of the difference.