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. 2020 Jun 12;15(2):261–270. doi: 10.31616/asj.2019.0245

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Axial approach of ultrasound transforaminal injection. Red box, Galiano et al. [11]a): curvilinear probe; placed at lower margin of lamina to view vertebral arch lamina, zygapophyseal articulations, inferior and superior facets, TP, and vertebral isthmus: needle was inserted IP toward spinal nerve and stopped at the dorsal foraminal opening. Purple box, Gofeld et al. [13]b): curvilinear probe; placed to view SP, lamina, and VB. Needle was inserted IP aiming at the most medially visible shadow of VB and stopped when it hit the bone. Pink box, Wan et al. [17]c): curvilinear probe; placed to view SP, lamina, FJ, and TP. Needle was inserted IP to reach lateral side of lamina or medial to SAP, at Z joint location. TP, transverse process; SAP, superior articular process; IAP, inferior articular process; FJ, facet joints; SP, spinous process; LF, lateral facet; VB, vertebral body; IP, in plane; ITL, intertransverse ligament; PAP, pararadicular aditus plane; PSO, parasagittal oblique; IF, interfacet; OOP, out of plane.