Table 2.
Responder analyses.
| Placebo | Hydromorphone 4 mg | P value (partial eta2) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dronabinol 0 mg | Dronabinol 2.5 mg | Dronabinol 5 mg | Dronabinol 10 mg | ||||||||
| Mean/% | SD | Mean/% | SD | Mean/% | SD | Mean/% | SD | Mean/% | SD | ||
| Opioid Responders (n = 20) | |||||||||||
| Participant Ratings (0–100) | |||||||||||
| Drug Effects | 10.0a | 10.1 | 51.1b | 22.9 | 55.7b | 29.4 | 55.7b | 29.3 | 56.9b | 31.7 | <0.001 (0.45) |
| Good Effects | 8.1a | 7.9 | 23.2 | 12.4 | 35.1b | 20.7 | 27.2b | 19.9 | 22.0 | 22.7 | 0.001 (0.14) |
| Bad Effects | 5.4a | 6.5 | 17.2 | 17.3 | 19.5 | 16.4 | 27.1b | 19.4 | 31.4b | 20.8 | <0.001 (0.16) |
| High | 2.9a | 3.6 | 21.3b | 12.7 | 30.6b | 21.4 | 37.3b | 23.1 | 30.3b | 22.8 | <0.001 (0.25) |
| Like the Way I Feel | 32.6 | 29.9 | 45.7a | 24.0 | 37.6 | 26.1 | 35.4 | 26.6 | 26.8b | 25.8 | 0.05 (0.06) |
| Nausea | 0.9a | 0.9 | 10.5 | 9.4 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 16.7b | 13.0 | 17.5b | 15.5 | 0.004 (0.11) |
| Abuse Potential Measures | |||||||||||
| Enjoyed medication (%) | 10.0a | 35.0b | 35.0b | 40.0b | 20.0b | <0.0001 (0.27) | |||||
| Willingness to pay for medication ($) | 0.01a | 2.7 | 3.4 | 4.8 | 3.5 | 7.6 | 6.9b | 8.3 | 2.9 | 4.6 | 0.009 (0.11) |
| Cognitive Testing | |||||||||||
| Circular lights, max per minute | 48.6a | 10.3 | 44.2b,c | 10.0 | 47.2 | 11.4 | 47.6 | 8.8 | 50.1d | 10.2 | <0.001 (0.17) |
| PASAT, Correct (%) | 79.2a | 72.3b,c | 79.2c | 80.0 | 80.0 | 0.026 (0.07) | |||||
| Opioid Nonresponders (n = 8) | |||||||||||
| Participant Ratings (0–100) | |||||||||||
| Drug Effects | 19.2 | 26.8 | 12.9a | 18.6 | 29.3 | 28.6 | 38.4b | 29.7 | 31.9 | 28.4 | 0.047 (0.02) |
| Good Effects | 8.6 | 17.0 | 19.7 | 30.6 | 29.0 | 33.7 | 30.4 | 37.6 | 14.7 | 26.0 | NS |
| Bad Effects | 15.0 | 26.2 | 3.7 | 5.3 | 12.9 | 16.2 | 14.3 | 15.8 | 21.7 | 29.8 | NS |
| High | 0.1 | 0.3 | 7.7 | 16.4 | 9.0 | 23.5 | 15.6 | 23.5 | 15.0 | 29.4 | NS |
| Like the Way I Feel | 25.4 | 35.9 | 33.8 | 35.1 | 34.1 | 37.6 | 45.2 | 36.5 | 26.2 | 29.8 | NS |
| Nausea | 0.9 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 7.3 | 13.7 | 20.2 | 16.4 | 18 | NS |
| Abuse Potential Measures | |||||||||||
| Enjoyed medication (%) | 7.7a | 20.0 | 42.8 | 50.0 | 33.3b | 0.033 (0.15) | |||||
| Willingness to pay for medication ($) | 12.8 | 32.9 | 5.7 | 8.7 | 2.7 | 4.4 | 6.8 | 9.6 | 1.8 | 3.2 | NS |
| Cognitive Testing | |||||||||||
| Circular lights, max per minute | 48.6 | 11.1 | 44.0a | 13.9 | 47.1 | 12.9 | 49.7b | 13.6 | 48.3 | 13.3 | 0.048 (0.13) |
| PASAT, Correct (%) | 75.6 | 75.6 | 78.1 | 78.1 | 66.3 | NS | |||||
Opioid responder defined as >20 point difference on Drug Effects visual analog scale between baseline and post-dose during hydromorphone 4 mg + placebo condition. 1 participant omitted from responder analysis due to elevated ratings (>50) at baseline. Only significant outcomes are shown.
Hydro hydromorphone, SD standard deviation, PASAT Paced Auditory Serial Addiction Task, sec second.
Subscripts denote significant differences in posthoc comparisons. Differences exist between a and b, c and d.
Partial eta2 effect sizes provided for significant results: small (0.01), medium (0.06), large (0.14).