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. 2021 Feb 11;6(1):e120. doi: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000120

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Metabolic changes in cellular senescence. Activation of the key signalling pathways that act as metabolic switches to regulate senescence. ADP = adenosine dinucleotide; AMP = adenosine mononucleotide; AMPK = AMP-activated protein kinase; ATP = adenosine trinucleotide; HuR = Hu antigen receptor; mRNA = messenger RNA; mTORC1 = mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; NAD+ = oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADH reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; p16 = cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 16; p21 = cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 21; p53 = tumour suppressor p53 protein; pRB = tumour protein of the retinoblastoma.