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. 2021 Apr 20;227:108727. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108727

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© 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Fig. 1 — The anti-HCMV mechanisms of NK cells.

Non-HLA-I-specific activating receptors and co-receptors on natural killer (NK) cells, such as NKG2D, recognize human cytomegalovirus(HCMV)-infected cells by ligands, MICA/B. The antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity(ADCC) mediated by CD16 and the Fc fragment of antiviral immunoglobulins is another mechanism. NKG2C on NK cells is engaged by peptide UL-40, derived from HCMV, presented by human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-E. Toll-like receptors(TLRs) on NK cells recognize various pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) derived from HCMV.