Table 2. Clinical characteristics and complete blood cell findings among patients in the development set who did or did not develop mortality.
| Variables | Total (n = 3,940) | Alive (n = 3,771) | Death (n = 169) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | < 0.001 | ||||
| 0–9 | 44 (1.1) | 44 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 10–19 | 150 (3.8) | 150 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 20–29 | 789 (20.0) | 789 (20.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 30–39 | 384 (9.7) | 383 (10.2) | 1 (0.6) | ||
| 40–49 | 509 (12.9) | 508 (13.5) | 1 (0.6) | ||
| 50–59 | 806 (20.5) | 796 (21.1) | 10 (5.9) | ||
| 60–69 | 654 (16.6) | 631 (16.7) | 23 (13.6) | ||
| 70–79 | 368 (9.3) | 316 (8.4) | 52 (30.8) | ||
| ≥ 80 | 236 (6.0) | 154 (4.1) | 82 (48.5) | ||
| Men | 1,622 (41.2) | 1,537 (40.8) | 85 (50.3) | 0.014 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 18.5 | 207 (5.3) | 177 (4.7) | 30 (17.8) | ||
| 18.5–22.9 | 1,784 (45.3) | 1,720 (45.6) | 64 (37.9) | ||
| 23.0–24.9 | 859 (21.8) | 831 (22.0) | 28 (16.6) | ||
| 25.0–29.9 | 929 (23.6) | 886 (23.5) | 43 (25.4) | ||
| ≥ 30.0 | 161 (4.1) | 157 (4.2) | 4 (2.4) | ||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 120 | 978 (24.8) | 929 (24.6) | 49 (29.0) | ||
| 120–129 | 819 (20.8) | 802 (21.3) | 17 (10.1) | ||
| 130–139 | 768 (19.5) | 744 (19.7) | 24 (14.2) | ||
| 140–159 | 1,021 (25.9) | 970 (25.7) | 51 (30.2) | ||
| ≥ 160 | 354 (9.0) | 326 (8.6) | 28 (16.6) | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 0.350 | ||||
| < 80 | 1,556 (39.5) | 1,479 (39.2) | 77 (45.6) | ||
| 80–89 | 1,289 (32.7) | 1,240 (32.9) | 49 (29.0) | ||
| 90–99 | 746 (18.9) | 719 (19.1) | 27 (16.0) | ||
| ≥ 100 | 349 (8.9) | 333 (8.8) | 16 (9.5) | ||
| Heart rate, beats/min | 86 ± 15 | 86 ± 15 | 89 ± 19 | 0.011 | |
| Body temperature, °C | 36.9 ± 0.6 | 36.9 ± 0.5 | 37.0 ± 0.8 | 0.060 | |
| Duration of admission, days | 25.6 ± 11.0 | 26.1 ± 10.6 | 14.4 ± 13.0 | < 0.001 | |
| Admission site | < 0.001 | ||||
| Intensive care unit | 134 (3.4) | 78 (2.1) | 56 (33.1) | ||
| General ward | 3,806 (96.6) | 3,693 (97.9) | 113 (66.9) | ||
| Comorbidity | |||||
| Hypertension | 829 (21.0) | 726 (19.3) | 103 (60.9) | < 0.001 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 482 (12.2) | 414 (11.0) | 68 (40.2) | < 0.001 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 139 (4.5) | 116 (3.1) | 23 (13.6) | < 0.001 | |
| Bronchial asthma | 85 (2.2) | 75 (2.0) | 10 (5.9) | < 0.001 | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 27 (0.7) | 20 (0.5) | 7 (4.1) | < 0.001 | |
| Chronic renal disease | 40 (1.0) | 29 (0.8) | 11 (6.5) | < 0.001 | |
| Malignancy | 101 (2.6) | 88 (2.3) | 13 (7.7) | < 0.001 | |
| Chronic liver disease | 60 (1.5) | 54 (1.4) | 6 (3.6) | 0.028 | |
| Autoimmune disease | 26 (0.7) | 23 (0.6) | 3 (1.8) | 0.067 | |
| Dementia | 173 (4.4) | 116 (3.9) | 57 (33.7) | < 0.001 | |
| Symptoms at admission | |||||
| Fever | 909 (23.1) | 851 (22.6) | 58 (34.3) | < 0.001 | |
| Cough | 1,655 (42.0) | 1,595 (42.3) | 60 (35.5) | 0.080 | |
| Sputum | 1,142 (29.0) | 1,089 (28.9) | 53 (31.4) | 0.486 | |
| Sore throat | 623 (15.8) | 613 (16.3) | 10 (5.9) | < 0.001 | |
| Rhinorrhea | 428 (10.9) | 424 (11.2) | 4 (2.4) | < 0.001 | |
| Myalgia | 642 (16.3) | 625 (16.6) | 17 (10.1) | 0.025 | |
| Fatigue | 159 (4.0) | 147 (3.9) | 12 (7.1) | 0.038 | |
| Dyspnea | 483 (12.3) | 399 (10.6) | 84 (49.7) | < 0.001 | |
| Headache | 661 (16.8) | 652 (17.3) | 9 (5.3) | < 0.001 | |
| Unconsciousness | 25 (0.6) | 6 (0.2) | 19 (11.2) | < 0.001 | |
| Nausea or vomiting | 177 (4.5) | 165 (4.4) | 12 (7.1) | 0.094 | |
| Diarrhea | 357 (9.1) | 342 (9.1) | 15 (8.9) | 0.932 | |
| Complete blood cell | |||||
| WBC, µL | 6,150 ± 2,481 | 6,058 ± 2,305 | 8,211 ± 4,544 | < 0.001 | |
| Lymphocyte, % | 29.7 ± 10.0 | 30.3 ± 9.7 | 15.0 ± 10.4 | < 0.001 | |
| Platelet, µL | 240,936 ± 71,765 | 243,403 ± 70,288 | 185,888 ± 81,881 | < 0.001 | |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.4 ± 1.6 | 13.5 ± 1.5 | 11.9 ± 2.1 | < 0.001 | |
| Hematocrit, % | 39.7 ± 4.5 | 39.9 ± 4.2 | 35.4 ± 6.4 | < 0.001 | |
Data are mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage), where No. is the total number of patients with available data.
WBC = white blood cell.