Table 3.
Medication Use and Mental Health Services in Young Children (2–7 Years) Filling Antipsychotic Prescriptions in 2017
| 2009 antipsychotic users No. (column %) | 2017 antipsychotic users No. (column %) | Total 2017 vs. 2009 P | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n=8,035 | Boys n=6,256 | Girls n=1,779 | Total n=2,501 | Boys n=1,929 | Girls n=572 | Girl vs. boy p-value | ||
| Prescription psychotropic use, year | 6,564 (81.7) | 5,139 (82.1) | 1,425 (80.1) | 2,162 (86.4) | 1,680 (87.1) | 482 (84.3) | 0.08 | <0.01 |
| Stimulant | 4,545 (56.6) | 3,656 (58.4) | 889 (50.0) | 1,375 (55.0) | 1,090 (56.5) | 285 (49.8) | <0.01 | 0.16 |
| Clonidine/guanfacine | 2,539 (31.6) | 2,015 (32.2) | 524 (29.5) | 1,363 (54.5) | 1,067 (55.3) | 296 (51.7) | 0.13 | <0.01 |
| Antidepressant | 1,979 (24.6) | 1,480 (23.7) | 499 (28.0) | 788 (31.5) | 589 (30.5) | 199 (34.8) | 0.05 | <0.01 |
| Anticonvulsant | 1,355 (16.9) | 1,027 (16.4) | 328 (18.4) | 396 (15.8) | 299 (15.5) | 97 (17.0) | 0.40 | 0.23 |
| Atomoxetine | 761 (9.5) | 605 (9.7) | 156 (8.8) | 171 (6.8) | 134 (6.9) | 37 (6.5) | 0.69 | <0.01 |
| Hydroxyzine | 213 (2.7) | 161 (2.6) | 52 (2.9) | 165 (6.6) | 124 (6.4) | 41 (7.2) | 0.53 | <0.01 |
| Benzodiazepine | 304 (3.8) | 211 (3.4) | 93 (5.2) | 147 (5.9) | 104 (5.4) | 43 (7.5) | 0.06 | <0.01 |
| Other anxiolytic, sedative | 124 (1.5) | 92 (1.5) | 32 (1.8) | 67 (2.7) | 53 (2.7) | 14 (2.4) | 0.70 | <0.01 |
| Lithium | 155 (1.9) | 117 (1.9) | 38 (2.1) | 37 (1.5) | 26 (1.3) | 11 (1.9) | 0.32 | 0.14 |
| Mental health services, year | ||||||||
| Psychotherapy claim | 3,546 (44.1) | 2,725 (43.6) | 821 (46.1) | 1,146 (45.8) | 872 (45.2) | 274 (47.9) | 0.26 | 0.14 |
| Visit with mental health provider | 4,128 (51.4) | 3,211 (51.3) | 917 (51.5) | 1,494 (59.7) | 1,153 (59.8) | 341 (59.6) | 0.95 | <0.01 |
| Psychiatrist | 3,400 (42.3) | 2,669 (42.7) | 731 (41.1) | 1,074 (42.9) | 824 (42.7) | 250 (43.7) | 0.67 | 0.58 |
| Other mental health provider | 2,179 (27.1) | 1,644 (26.3) | 535 (30.1) | 971 (38.8) | 754 (39.1) | 217 (37.9) | 0.62 | <0.01 |
| Inpatient psychiatric visita | 351 (4.4) | 285 (4.6) | 66 (3.7) | 129 (5.2) | 100 (5.2) | 29 (5.1) | 0.91 | 0.10 |
| ED visit, psychiatric-related | 722 (9.0) | 578 (9.2) | 144 (8.1) | 303 (12.1) | 229 (11.9) | 74 (12.9) | 0.49 | <0.01 |
Note: ED = emergency department
a
Inpatient admission with primary diagnosis for psychiatric-related diagnosis