Table 1.
Characteristics of COPD patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation between 2015 and 2017.
| Variables |
All |
Alive |
Dead |
P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 1,096 | N = 1,067 | N = 29 | |||
| Demographic characteristics | Age, years** | 75 (66, 81) | 75 (66, 81) | 80 (72, 84) | 0.0098 |
| Male | 743 (67.8) | 722 (67.7) | 21 (72.4) | 0.5893 | |
| Married | 1,048 (95.6) | 1,021 (95.7) | 27 (93.1) | 0.5020 | |
| Admission and hospital stay | Admitted on weekend | 112 (10.2) | 108 (10.1) | 4 (13.8) | 0.5284 |
| Admitted from emergency | 491 (44.9) | 467 (43.9) | 24 (82.8) | <0.0001 | |
| Length of stay, days | 11 (8, 15) | 11 (8, 15) | 22 (10, 31) | 0.0002 | |
| Season at admission | Mar.–May | 281 (25.6) | 271 (25.4) | 10 (34.5) | 0.5387 |
| Jun.–Aug. | 216 (19.7) | 209 (19.6) | 7 (24.1) | ||
| Sep.–Nov. | 251 (22.9) | 246 (23.1) | 5 (17.2) | ||
| Dec.–Feb. | 348 (31.8) | 341 (32.0) | 7 (24.1) | ||
| Complications of COPD | Respiratory failure | 286 (26.1) | 259 (24.3) | 27 (93.1) | <0.0001 |
| VTE | 28 (2.6) | 28 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0000 | |
| Pneumothorax | 13 (1.2) | 10 (0.9) | 3 (10.3) | 0.0040 | |
| Pulmonary heart disease | 225 (20.5) | 218 (20.4) | 7 (24.1) | 0.6258 | |
| Hypoxic-hypercarbic encephalopathy | 27 (2.5) | 23 (2.2) | 4 (13.8) | 0.0046 | |
| Hypoxemia | 31 (2.8) | 31 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0000 | |
| Comorbidities of COPD | Cardio/cerebrovascular Diseases | 736 (67.2) | 719 (67.4) | 17 (58.6) | 0.3214 |
| Bronchiectasis | 93 (8.5) | 90 (8.4) | 3 (10.3) | 0.7306 | |
| Diabetes | 183 (16.7) | 181 (17.0) | 2 (6.9) | 0.2072 | |
| Respiratory infection | 137 (12.5) | 133 (12.5) | 4 (13.8) | 0.7762 | |
| Anxiety depression | 17 (1.6) | 17 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0000 | |
| Lung cancer | 22 (2.0) | 21 (2.0) | 1 (3.4) | 0.4489 | |
| Osteoporosis | 18 (1.6) | 18 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0000 | |
| Reflux esophagitis | 66 (6.0) | 65 (6.1) | 1 (3.4) | 1.0000 | |
| OSAS | 19 (1.7) | 19 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0000 |
*
Chi-square or Fisher exact test was performed where appropriate. Age was abnormally distributed in all patients, survivors and non-survivors. They were expressed as median (interquartile range). Their mean ± SD were 73 ± 10, 73 ± 10, and 78 ± 8, respectively.