Figure 4. Signaling pathways triggering anti-inflammatory (M2) reprogramming. IL-4 and IL-13 induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT6, leading to the formation of phosphorylated STAT6 dimers. These enter the nucleus and bind to the target DNA, enhancing the expression of anti-inflammatory genes. In addition, the phosphorylated STAT6 dimers use PGC1β as a coactivator to promote the anti-inflammatory metabolic reprogramming of macrophages by PPARγ and PPARδ. See text for details.
