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. 2021 Mar 19;24:487–511. doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.03.011

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Mechanism of the autophagy pathway

A series of stepwise processes, i.e., initiation, nucleation, elongation, maturation, and fusion with lysosomes, are involved in autophagy. Autophagy is induced at a basal level under normal conditions and is further stimulated by stress, for example, by nutrient deprivation