Figure 4.

Spontaneous withdrawal following prenatal morphine (10 and 30 mg/kg) exposure affected jumping and wet dog shaking behaviors in spiny mice pups. (a) Male pups on PND-6 exposed to 10 mg/kg morphine (N = 12) made a significantly greater number of jumps compared to the saline-exposed controls (N = 8) and the 30 mg/kg morphine exposed group (N = 12) (AUC [#Jumps] – Saline: 14.88 $\pm$ 8.01; 10 mg/kg: 23.88 $\pm$ 8.53; 30 mg/kg: 13.67 $\pm$ 5.24). (b) Similarly, female pups on PND-5, 6, and 7 from the 10 mg/kg morphine exposed group (N = 12) made a significantly greater number of jumps compared to the saline-exposed controls (N = 9) and 30 mg/kg morphine exposed group (N = 9) on PND-5,6 (AUC [#Jumps] – Saline: 6.39 $\pm$ 3.72; 10 mg/kg: 30.71 $\pm$ 9.93; 30 mg/kg: 14.30 $\pm$ 2.80). (c) Male pups on PND-0, 2, and 3 from the 30 mg/kg morphine exposed group (N = 12) had a significantly greater number of wet dog shakes compared to the saline-exposed controls (N = 8). On PND 2, males from 10 mg/kg morphine exposed group (N = 12) had a significantly greater number of wet dog shakes compared to saline-exposed controls (N = 8) (AUC [#Shakes] – Saline: 0.44 $\pm$ 0.44; 10 mg/kg: 4.58 $\pm$ 1.56; 30 mg/kg: 5.42 $\pm$ 1.56). (d) Female pups on PND-1, 2, and 4 from the 10 mg/kg morphine exposed group (N = 12) had a significantly greater number of wet dog shakes compared to the saline-exposed controls (N = 9) and 30 mg/kg morphine treated mice (N = 9) on PND-2 (AUC [#Shakes] – Saline: 1.44 $\pm$ 0.92; 10 mg/kg: 6.92 $\pm$ 1.93; 30 mg/kg: 3.80 $\pm$ 0.87). Data are presented as means totals (±SEM) during the PND 0–7 period. An asterisk symbol (∗ = saline vs. 10 mg/kg morphine) or pound symbol (# = saline vs. 30 mg/kg morphine) or nabla symbol (∇ = 10 mg/kg morphine vs. 30 mg/kg morphine) are used to indicate a significant difference between groups, P < 0.05.