Fig. 3.

sEVs in cancer therapy. Naïve T-cells can be activated by sEVs from tumor and tumor-educated immune cells, thereby priming them against tumors. sEVs loaded with chemotherapeutics and toxic proteins can be used to deliver therapy directly to tumor cells, thereby avoiding the systemic toxicity that is common when patients undergo therapy. Drugs which interfere with sEV formation can also be delivered to tumor cells. This prevents tumor cells from creating sEVs and may result in inhibiting tumor progression.