Table 2.

Responses of Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann and Ixodes scapularis Say nymphs when introduced onto nontreated human (forearm) skin^a

Tick species	No. of ticks introduced onto the forearm at the 0 cm release mark	Maximum distance traveled up the forearm over a 5-min period			No. (%) of ticks remaining on the forearm after 1 min	No. (%) of ticks remaining on the forearm after 5 min	Location on the forearm where ticks dislodged
		No. (%) of ticks moving <3 cm up the forearmb	No. (%) of ticks moving 3–6 cm up the forearmc	No. (%) of ticks moving >6 cm up the forearmd			<3 cm up the forearm	3–6 cm up the forearm	>6 cm up the forearm
Haemaphysalis longicornis	30	26 (86.7)	4 (13.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	N/Ae	27 (90.0)	3 (10.0)	0 (0)
Ixodes scapularis	30	7 (23.3)	7 (23.3)	16 (53.3)	30 (100)	30 (100)	N/A	N/A	N/A

^aFollowing the protocol for the negative control (nontreated skin) in a bioassay for evaluation of tick repellents applied to human (forearm) skin as recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 2010).

^bOn a repellent-treated forearm, these ticks would have failed to approach the edge of the repellent-treated skin at the 3-cm mark.

^cOn a repellent-treated forearm, these ticks would have crossed into but not passed through the 3-cm wide repellent zone.

^dOn a repellent-treated forearm, these ticks would have crossed into and passed through the 3-cm wide repellent zone.

^eN/A, not applicable.