Table 4.
Responses of Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann nymphs to permethrin-treated textile in a vertical contact irritancy bioassaya
| Observation time point (min) | No. (%) of ticks remaining on test textile | |
|---|---|---|
| Non-treated textile | Permethrin-treated textileb | |
| 0 (introduction) | 50 (100) | 50 (100) |
| 1 | 47 (94) | 14 (28)*** |
| 2 | 46 (92) | 9 (18)*** |
| 3 | 44 (88) | 3 (6)*** |
| 4 | 43 (86) | 2 (4)*** |
| 5 | 42 (84) | 2 (4)*** |
a
Groups of 5 ticks per trial were introduced onto the center of vertically (45° angle) oriented nontreated or permethrin-treated textile and the numbers still remaining in contact with the textile was recorded every 1 min over a 5-min observation period.
b
Statistical comparison (Fisher exact 1-tailed test) of the numbers of nymphs still in contact with permethrin-treated textile versus nontreated textile at a given observation time point; adjusted for multiple (n = 5) observation time points using Bonferroni correction: α = 0.01; P > 0.01NS; P ≤ 0.01*; P ≤ 0.005**; P ≤ 0.001***.