Table 2.
Sample description
| Characteristics | Total (n = 29,477) | Switzerland (n = 20,561) | Austria (n = 8916) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Institutional level | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) |
| Guidelines regarding restraint use (yes) | 21,694 | 73.6 (73.1–74.1) | 14,318 | 69.6 (69.0–70.3) | 7376 | 82.7 (81.9–83.5) |
| Multi-disciplinary expert committee (yes) | 12,575 | 42.7 (42.1–43.2) | 7302 | 35.5 (34.9–36.2) | 5273 | 59.1 (58.1–60.2) |
| Ward level | ||||||
| Regular audits (yes) | 20,126 | 68.3 (67.7–68.8) | 13,893 | 67.6 (66.9–68.2) | 6233 | 69.9 (68.9–70.9) |
| Refresher course (yes) | 6209 | 21.1 (20.6–21.5) | 2280 | 11.1 (10.7–11.5) | 3929 | 44.1 (43.0–45.1) |
| Patient level | median | IQR | median | IQR | median | IQR |
| Age in years | 70 | 24 | 70 | 23 | 69 | 23 |
| Number of days since admission to hospital | 5 | 9 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 10 |
| Care Dependency Scale (sum score) | 71 | 15 | 70 | 15 | 74 | 11 |
| n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | |
| Female gender | 14,504 | 49.2 (48.6–49.8) | 9902 | 48.2 (47.5–48.8) | 4602 | 51.6 (50.6–52.7) |
| Surgical intervention in the 2 weeks prior to data collection (yes) | 10,542 | 35.8 (35.2–36.3) | 8318 | 40.5 (39.8–41.1) | 2224 | 24.9 (24.0–25.9) |
| Three most frequent ICD-10 diagnosis groups (multiple responses) | ||||||
| Diseases of the circulatory system | 16,245 | 55.1 (54.5–55.7) | 11,756 | 57.2 (56.5–57.9) | 4489 | 50.3 (49.3–51.4) |
| Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | 9886 | 33.5 (33.0–34.1) | 7023 | 34.2 (33.5–34.8) | 2863 | 32.1 (31.1–33.1) |
| Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | 9834 | 33.4 (32.8–33.9) | 7543 | 36.7 (36.0–37.3) | 2291 | 25.7 (24.8–26.6) |
| Restraint (yes) | 2577 | 8.7 (8.4–9.1) | 2171 | 10.6 (10.1–11.0) | 406 | 4.6 (4.1–5.0) |
IQR interquartile range, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, ICD-10 International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision