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. 2021 Apr 20;19:112. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-00855-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Transcriptome high throughput sequencing of mRNA expressions with SDT. a Heat map diagram of 1095 differentially expressing mRNAs including 561 up-regulations and 534 down-regulations. b, c Corresponding gene expression ratios for up-regulated and down-regulated GO classifications. d FPKM value and counts of typical mRNA expressions associated with cytoprotective autophagy treated with SDT. Values are presented as means ± s.d. (n = 3) *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and n.s. for non-significant. e, f Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for autophagy-related signaling pathway after SDT. g, h Western blot verification analysis for the expressions of autophagy-related proteins after SDT. GAPDH was used as a loading control. Quantitative data are presented as means ± s.d. (n = 3) *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001