. 2020 Oct 28;87(4):1953–1962. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14588

TABLE 2.

Summary statistics for pharmacodynamic endpoints. LSM = least square means; KLH, keyhole limpet haemocyanin; ED = estimated difference; i.m. = intramuscular; i.d. = intradermal; AU = arbitrary unit. ^a P < .05, ^b P < .01, ^c P < .001, ^d P < .0001

	LSM		ED (95% CI)
Pharmacodynamic parameter	KLH	Placebo	KLH vs placebo
Anti‐KLH antibodies
Anti‐KLH IgM (% change)	1.59	1.00	37.3% (19.4–51.2%)^b
Anti‐KLH IgG (% change)	3.03	0.98	67.7% (56.3–76.1%)^d

	LSM			ED (95% CI)
	i.m. KLH i.d. KLH (n = 12)	i.m. placebo i.d. KLH (n = 3)	i.m. KLH or placebo i.d. untreated (n = 15)	i.m. KLH i.d. KLH vs	i.m. KLH i.d. KLH vs	i.m. placebo i.d. KLH vs
	i.m. KLH i.d. KLH (n = 12)	i.m. placebo i.d. KLH (n = 3)	i.m. KLH or placebo i.d. untreated (n = 15)	i.m. placebo i.d. KLH	i.m. KLH or placebo i.d. untreated	i.m. KLH or placebo i.d. untreated
Skin blood perfusion
LSCI
Basal flow (AU)	42.89	31.97	31.14	10.92 (1.41–20.44)^a	11.75 (6.59–16.91)^c	−0.83 (−9.75–8.10)
Flare (AU)	79.57	74.72	74.84	4.86 (1.24–8.48)^a	4.74 (2.59–6.88)^c	0.12 (−3.33–3.58)
Erythema
Multispectral imaging
Average redness (AU)	1.17	0.91	0.97	0.26 (0.05–0.47)^a	0.21 (0.09–0.32)^b	0.05 (−0.14–0.25)
CIELab a* (AU)	14.88	11.79	12.88	3.09 (0.84–5.34)^b	2.00 (0.79–3.22)^b	1.09 (−1.04–3.22)
Colorimetry
CIELab a* (AU)	13.05	11.37	11.45	1.69 (−0.29–3.66)	1.61 (0.57–2.65)^b	0.08 (−1.72–1.88)
Erythema index
Erythema index (% change)	62.58	61.39	57.45	1.9% (−13.6 to 15.3%)	8.2% (1.5 to 14.4%)^a	−6.8% (−21.8 to 6.3%)
Oedema
Multispectral imaging
Oedema height (mm)	0.17	0.06	0.04	0.11 (−0.01–0.22)	0.12 (0.06–0.19)^b	−0.02 (−0.13–0.09)
Oedema area (% change)	8.28	4.15	4.74	49.9% (−1.85 × 10⁶ to 100%)	42.8%(−7.00 × 10⁴ to 100%)	12.4%(−5.32 × 10⁷ to 100%)
Oedema volume (% change)	1.45	0.41	0.88	71.4%(−1.46 × 10⁷ to 100%)	39.2%(−1.68 × 10⁵ to 100%)	53.0%(−4.47 × 10⁸ to 100%)