Table 2.
Association of estimated 24-hour sodium excretion quartiles and risk of stroke
| Estimated sodium excretion | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <2.8 g/day | 2.8–3.5 g/day | 3.5–4.26 g/day | >4.26 g/day | |
| (N = 4,751) | (N = 4,750) | (N = 4,750) | (N = 4,750) | |
| Analysis—odds ratio (95% CI) | ||||
| Univariate analysisa | 1.40 (1.28–1.52) | 1.00 | 1.15 (1.06–1.25) | 1.84 (1.69–2.01) |
| Multivariate analysis | ||||
| Analysis including age and BMI | 1.41 (1.29–1.54) | 1.00 | 1.14 (1.05–1.25) | 1.86 (1.70–2.03) |
| Primary analysisb | 1.39 (1.26–1.53) | 1.00 | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | 1.81 (1.65–2.00) |
| Analysis including dietary score and potassiumc | 1.24 (1.12–1.37) | 1.00 | 1.28 (1.16–1.41) | 2.49 (2.24–2.77) |
| Analysis including HTN and medications which modify sodium excretiond | 1.16 (1.03–1.30) | 1.00 | 1.22 (1.09–1.36) | 2.35 (2.08–2.65) |
| Sensitivity analysis | ||||
| Primary analysis excluding MRC >2 | 1.37 (1.18–1.58) | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.95–1.23) | 1.64 (1.42–1.88) |
| Primary analysis excluding urine collection >48 hours | 1.28 (1.12–1.47) | 1.00 | 1.18 (1.03–1.34) | 1.91 (1.67–2.18) |
Urine collection from time of stroke onset to time of urine collection. Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors); BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HTN, hypertension; MRC, modified Rankin scale.
aThe univariate analysis was performed using the logistic regression model.
bThe primary model included age, BMI, education level, alcohol, diabetes at baseline, atrial fibrillation/flutter at baseline, smoking and physical activity level.
cDietary score was the alternative healthy eating index (AHEI).
dHypertension variables hypertension status, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. We adjusted for prehospital ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, and diuretic use.