Table 2.
Statistical summary of clinical features from the low-severity group and high-severity group (N=5601).
| Participant data | Low-severity group (n=5330) | High-severity group (n=271) | P value | |||||
| Basic patient information | ||||||||
|
|
Age categorya, mean (SD) | 4.26 (1.92) | 7.05 (1.08) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Gender, n (%) |
|
|
<.001 | ||||
|
|
|
Male | 2166 (40.6) | 144 (53.1) |
|
|||
|
|
|
Female | 3164 (59.4) | 127 (46.9) |
|
|||
|
|
Pregnancy status (yes), n (%) | 19 (0.4) | 0 (0) | .33 | ||||
|
|
Pregnancy week, mean (SD) | 16.50 (10.01) | N/Ab | N/A | ||||
| Physical index: BMI categoryc, mean (SD) | 1.79 (1.02) | 1.84 (1.13) | .54 | |||||
| Initial examination findings, mean (SD) | ||||||||
|
|
Systolic blood pressure categoryd | 1.75 (1.31) | 1.98 (1.46) | .008 | ||||
|
|
Diastolic blood pressure categorye | 1.00 (0.97) | 0.90 (1.00) | .11 | ||||
|
|
Heart rate (beats per minute) | 85.66 (14.79) | 89.05 (19.64) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Temperature (°C) | 36.94 (0.54) | 37.11 (0.80) | <.001 | ||||
| Clinical findings (low-severity group n=5326), n (%) | ||||||||
|
|
Fever | 1197 (22.5) | 105 (38.7) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Cough | 2239 (42.0) | 92 (33.9) | .008 | ||||
|
|
Sputum production | 1532 (28.8) | 79 (29.2) | .89 | ||||
|
|
Sore throat | 858 (16.1) | 14 (5.2) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Runny nose or rhinorrhea | 609 (11.4) | 8 (3.0) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Muscle aches or myalgia | 894 (16.8) | 26 (9.6) | .002 | ||||
|
|
Fatigue or malaise | 215 (4.0) | 18 (6.6) | .04 | ||||
|
|
Shortness of breath or dyspnea | 531 (10.0) | 134 (49.4) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Headache | 946 (17.8) | 17 (6.3) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Altered consciousness or confusion | 9 (0.2) | 26 (9.6) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Vomiting or nausea | 226 (4.2) | 18 (6.6) | .06 | ||||
|
|
Diarrhea | 496 (9.3) | 20 (7.4) | .28 | ||||
| Current or previous comorbid diseases, n (%) | ||||||||
|
|
Diabetes mellitus | 582/5327 (10.9) | 106 (39.1) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Hypertension | 1034/5327 (19.4) | 164 (60.5) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Heart failure | 39/5327 (0.7) | 20 (7.4) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Chronic cardiac disease | 150/5311 (2.8) | 29 (10.7) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Asthma | 115/5327 (2.2) | 13 (4.8) | .005 | ||||
|
|
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 31/5327 (0.6) | 9 (3.3) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Chronic kidney disease | 37/5327 (0.7) | 18 (6.6) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Cancer | 123/5326 (2.3) | 22 (8.1) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Chronic liver disease | 76/5004 (1.5) | 7 (2.6) | .17 | ||||
|
|
Rheumatism or autoimmune diseases | 35/4998 (0.7) | 3 (1.1) | .44 | ||||
|
|
Dementia | 148/5001 (3.0) | 76 (28.0) | <.001 | ||||
| General blood test results, mean (SD) | ||||||||
|
|
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.37 (1.69) | 11.89 (2.23) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Hematocrit (%) | 39.51 (4.72) | 35.28 (6.56) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Lymphocytes (%) | 30.08 (11.12) | 15.08 (10.69) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
Platelets (109/L) | 239.96 (81.57) | 188.51 (87.38) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
White blood cells (109/L) | 6.00 (2.55) | 7.99 (5.10) | <.001 | ||||
aAge categories were as follows (years): 0-9 (0), 10-19 (1), 20-29 (2), 30-39 (3), 40-49 (4), 50-59 (5), 60-69 (6), 70-79 (7), ≥80 (8).
bN/A: not applicable; there were no pregnant participants in the high-severity group.
cBMI categories were as follows (kg/m2): <18.5 (0), 18.5-22.9 (1), 23.0-24.9 (2), 25.0-29.9 (3), ≥30 (4).
dSystolic blood pressure categories were as follows (mm Hg): <120 (0), 120-129 (1), 130-139 (2), 140-159 (3), ≥160 (4).
eDiastolic blood pressure categories were as follows (mm Hg): <80 (0), 80-89 (1), 90-99 (2), ≥100 (3).