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. 2021 Apr 20;1(1):20–27. doi: 10.1097/01.ID9.0000733572.40970.6c

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Copyright © 2021 The Chinese Medical Association, published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Plasma DAMPs were differently regulated in COVID-19 patients. Plasma concentration of S1008/A9 (A), HMGB1 (B), SP-A (C), and CIRBP (D) in healthy donors (HDs, n = 9) or COVID-19 patients at admission (n = 28) and discharge (n = 19; sample at discharge stage for SPA-A analysis: n = 13) as analyzed by ELISA. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test, ^∗P < 0.05; ^∗∗P < 0.01. HMGB1: histones and high mobility group box 1; SP-A: sufactant protein A; CIRBP: cold-inducible RNA-binding protein; HD: Health Donors.