Table 1.
Prognostic features of clinical variables, serum biomarkers, and tissues biomarkers in upper-tract urothelial carcinoma
| Clinical variables | Hazard ratio (95% CI) on univariable analyses) | Serum biomarkers | Hazard ratio (95% CI) on univariable analyses) | Tissue biomarkers | Hazard ratio (95% CI) on univariable analyses) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lymphovascular invasion [43] | RFS: 3.8 (2.8–5.1) CSS: 4.6 (3.3–6.3) |
Preoperative anemia [47] | RFS 1.89 (1.26–2.86, multivariable analyses) CSS: 2.04 (1.21–3.45, multivariable analyses) |
Caveolin-1 [50] | RFS: 1.7 (1.2–2.6) CSM: 1.8 (1.2–2.7) |
| Tumor multifocality [15] | RFS: 1.43 (1.06–1.92, multivariable analyses, organ-confined patients) CSS: 1.46 (1.04–2.04, multivariable analyses, organ-confined patients) |
Preoperative Thrombocytosis [48] | RFS: 1.32 (1.05–1.65) OS: 1.4 (1.16–1.69) |
HER2 over-expression [51] | RFS: 1.66 (1.24–2.24 CSM: 1.81 (1.33–2.48 OS: 1.55 (1.21–1.99) |
| Tumor necrosis [41, 42] | RFS: 1.27 (1.02–1.6) CSS: 1.29 (1.004–1.65) |
Neutrophil-to-lymphocytes ratio [49] | RFS: 1.60 (1.16–2.19 pooled HR) CSS: 1.73 (1.23–2.44, pooled HR) OS; 1.64 (1.23–2.17, pooled HR) |
N-cadherin [52] | RFS: 1.44 (1.07–1.95) |
| Variant histology [44] | Micropapillary variant - RFS: 2.27 (1.25–4.79) Sarcomatoid variant - CSS: 16.8 (6.86–41.17) |
Androgen receptor expression [53] | Cumulative RFS, CSS and OS did not differ by AR status, however, AR was detected nearly twice as often in tumors of the ureter than of the pelvicalyceal system (p = 0.005) | ||
| Smoking [45] | RFS:1.66 (1.18–2.34) multivariable analyses, current smokers CSS: 1.54 (1.00–2.07) analyses, current smokers |
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator [54] | RFS: 2.04 (1.21–3.43) CSS: 2.55 (1.44–4.52) OS: 1.59 (1.08–2.24) (in patients with organ-disease |
||
| Extra nodal extension [46] | RFS: 2.0 (1.44–2.78) CSS: 1.97 (1.38–2.8) |
Modified Glasgow prognostic score (combination of decreased plasma albumin and elevated CRP) [55] | RFS: mGPS1: HR 1.6 (1.34–1.91) mGPS2: HR 3.23 (2.04–5.12) CSS: mGPS1: 1.65 (1.37–1.99) mGPS2: 3.74 (2.33–6.01) OS mGPS1: 1.33 (1.14–1.55) mGPS2: 2.68 (1.71–4.18) |
||
| Tumor architecture [14] | RFS: 3.65(95CI: NA) CSS: 3.92 (95CI: NA) |
RFS: Recurrence-free survival; CSS: cancer-specific survival, 95%CI: 95% Confidence interval